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摘要古希腊人在面对生活中的苦难和无法解释的现象时，便认为有一种神秘的力量在操纵着他们的人生，而这种神秘的力量就是所谓“命运”。在三大悲剧诗人的剧作中，我们了解并分析了古希腊人独特的命运观埃斯库罗斯认为人在命运面前无能为力，命运支配着一切；索福克勒斯认为人可以反抗命运，但却无法逃避命运的摆布；欧里庇德斯认为人可以掌控自己的命运。古希腊悲剧中的命运观的发展和演变受地理环境，宗教信仰，和政治体制的影响。虽然命运观念在随着时代的发展不断变化，研究古希腊悲剧中的命运观依然有意义。它提醒着我们要正视人的苦难，并在苦难中体人的尊严和价值。21906
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毕业论文关键词：古希腊悲剧；命运观；演变；成因
AbstractWhen confronting with unaccountable and uncontrollable things of the nature and life, ancient Greeks would consider that a certain kind of intangible force, which is what is called “fate”. Aeschylus believed human is helpless to change fate, which manipulates everything; Sophocles thought human can’t get rid of fate thought they can fight against fate; Euripides regarded that human can control their own fate. The reasons for the views on fate of ancient Grecians are geographical conditions, religious belief, and political system. Although the views on fate are developing with the progress of society, it is still meaningful to study on the views of fate in Greek tragedy. It teaches us to face the hardships in life bravely, and appreciate the dignity and value of human.
Key words: ancient Greek tragedy; views on fate; evolution; reasons
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction iii
II. Representative Works of Three Tragic Poets iv
2.1 Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound iv
2.2 Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex v
2.3 Euripides’s Medea vi
III. View on Fate in Greek Tragedy vii
3.1 Aeschylus’s View on Fate vii
3.2 Sophocles’s View on Fate ix
3.3 Euripides’s View on Fate x
IV. Reasons for the Evolution of View on Fate xi
4.1 Geographical Conditions xi
4.2 Religious Belief xii
4.3 Political System xii
V. Conclusion xv
Bibliography xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
On the Views of Fate in Greek Tragedy
I. Introduction
Tragedy is the unique achievement of Ancient Grecians. And it showed the concern about the meaning of existence and confuses facing the complex situations. At first, they could not find a satisfactory answer to explain the phenomenon in the world and they kept trying to explore the mystery of the universe. However, there existed intangible power beyond their knowledge. That was fate, mysterious and powerful. It manipulated everything. But Grecians struggled and fight against fate instead of accepting it. What is disappointment that the results of the dramas still stay the same. However,we need to pay more attention to the lofty heroic spirit instead of sense of sadness. And we can gain more courage to believe our own life will be wonderful.
This paper consists of five parts, including introduction, body and conclusion. The first part of the body will present three masterpieces of three poets. They are Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound, Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex and Euripides’s Medea. This paper will briefly tell the plots of the dramas, so the reader will have a clear impression of the main characters. The second part of the body will focus on the view on fate in Greek tragedy. We can get the conclusions by analyzing the texts. Aeschylus believed that fate is powerful and it controls both man and god; Sophocles thought fate is evil and it is doubtable; and Euripides regarded that fate is in our own hand, we can choose our life. The third part will try to explain the reasons for the evolution of view on fate. It will be discussed in three respects, which are geographical conditions, religious belief, and political system.