此外，由于所有的美国媒体都受相同的文化价值观的影响，比如美国人民思想中根深蒂固的崇尚自由、平等、独立观念等，因此这些报道表面的不同背后也可能存在着某些“大同”。因此，本篇文章也尝试着探索它们的共同点以及它们是如何形成的。

通过作者对新闻报道语篇的批判性话语分析，证实了新闻报道都隐含着一定的政治倾向和意识形态;同时作者希望该研究能在一定程度上有助于唤醒读者的批判性思维和批判性语篇阅读意识，增强对大众语篇的反控制意识;并能指导英语阅读教学，使广大的英语学习者更好的理解英语语篇，尤其是新闻报道等大众语篇。

毕业论文关键词：批判性话语分析；三维模型；系统功能语法；新闻报道；意识形态；2016年美国总统辩论

Contents

1  Introduction 1

1。1  Background and Objective of the Study 1

1。2  Methodology and Structure of the Study 2

1。3  Literature Review 2

1。3。1 Research on 源Y于Y优E尔Y论L文W网wwW.yOueRw.com 原文+QQ752018.766 News Discourse 2

1。3。2 Research on CDA 3

2  Theoretical Foundation 6

2。1  Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework 6

2。2  Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Grammar 7

2。2。1 Ideational function 7

2。2。2 Interpersonal function 8

2。2。3 Textual function 9

3  Critical Analysis of the News Text 11

3。1  Background of News Data 11

3。2  Data Collection 11

3。3 Critical Analysis of the Text 12

3。3。1  Description 12

3。3。2  Interpretation 16

3。3。3  Explanation 19

4  Conclusion 23

4。1 Findings 23

4。2 Limitations and Suggestions 24

References 25

Appendix 26

1 Introduction

1。1  Background and Objective of the Study

Nowadays, Critical Discourse Analysis is used in various ways in relevant literature。 As a branch of linguistics, CDA stemmed from Frankfurt school’s critical theory。 It was firstly fully illustrated in Halliday’s systemic-functional linguistics and provided critics with an analyzing method to view discourses critically。 Based on the achievements in linguistics, sociology, psychology and mass communication, CDA aims to unveil the influence of ideology on discourses, the reaction of discourses on ideology, and how ideology and discourses originate from social structure and power relationship and how they serve different power groups。 Just as Fowler (1979) pointed out that news can never be real reflections of the world, but largely something called “opinion”。 

The famous journalist Lippmann also put forward a great idea in Public Opinion (1922) that pertinent facts, as a fraction of the whole, are never provided completely and accurately in news reports。 Instead, they are often arranged to portray a certain, subjective interpretation of an event。 Often, those who know the "real" (true) environment construct a favorable, fictitious pseudo-environment in the public mind to meet their private needs。 This enlightening theory supported Fowler’s view from a journalistic perspective。