2。1。1 Definition

From Wikipedia, Task-based language teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based language learning (TBLL) or task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language。 It refers to an approach based on the use of tasks as the core unit of instruction in language, and requires that language should be learned as close as possible to how it is used in real life。 “TBLT” has stressed the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching。

2。1。2 Basic elements

Clark, Scarino and Brownell (1944) state that a task must be equipped with four main components: a purpose, a context, a process and a product。

 a purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task

 a context: this can be real, simulated or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues such as the location, the participants and their relationship, the time and other important factors。

 a process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving, reasoning, inquiring, conceptualizing and communicating

 a product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible (a written plan, a play, a letter, etc。) or invisible(enjoying a story, learning about another country, etc。) 

2。2 The integration of reading and writing

2。2。1 The nature of reading

Although reading is so familiar to us, it is a difficult task for researchers to define。 Language researchers have defined it from many aspects。 Goodman (1986) held that reading is a “psycho-linguistic guessing game。” Nuttall (2002) emphasized the function of reading and thought of reading as a communicative process。 Silberstein (2002) defined reading as a complex building filled with the readers, the content of the reading materials。 

However, the idea of Mokenna was the most widely popular definition。 Mokenna (2002) explained reading as a process of putting the words into another comprehension and rebuilding the writer’s thoughts。 Mokenna (2002) also believed that there were two factors affecting the understanding of reading: the prior knowledge of the reader and the aim for which the reader will read。 Therefore, we should stimulate and build the prior knowledge of students about a connected topic when they began to read。 When the students have great progress, they will have new understanding。

Because words and books are abstract, readers should think twice when they are reading; otherwise the meaning of the text will not be understood。 Students should have the ability to understand abstract thinking and to discuss important mental problems。 文献综述

2。2。2 The nature of writing

In the four basic skills, writing is the most difficult skill to master。 It is even not easy for the English native speakers to write a coherent and logical passage, not to mention the second or foreign language learners。 Nowadays writing is very important and many researchers tried to definite writing in a different way。 It is believed that writing is a meaningful language activity which is socially and culturally shaped。 While Silva (1993) argued that writing is a process of creating which includes planning, translating and reviewing。 Sun Li (2005) claimed that writing is an expression of reorganizing。 It should indicate the real thought of the writer but not just record or repeat。 Three characters of writing were also proposed: (1) Writing is a creative activity。 (2) Writing is a way of telling what we are thinking about。 (3) Writing is a way to talk to readers and a form of social conversation。