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Through the description of Esmeralda’s early beauty, enthusiasm and good quality, the novel lets us see that she is a pearl, which is an aspect of her character. But in the choice and relationship of love, she deeply goes into the misunderstanding. It also shows the ignorance and mediocrity weakness in her character. Similarly, Esmeralda, the incarnation of beauty and kindness also has weakness. She is not God, just an ordinary people. Through the contrast of early and late characteristics, we can see that Esmeralda is a more realistic image of a character, and is not empty and abstract.
3.2 The contrast of Claude Frollo’s duality of his personality
In this novel, when it comes to the largest development of the characteristic and the most complex of the characteristic, it should be Claude. Hugo uses the contrast of his early and late different characteristic to show his inner world and expresses the change of his thoughts and feelings. It reveals the process that he becomes an evil and doesn’t do a simple derogatory.
Hugo says in the preface of Cromwell, “There are two types of life. One is a temporary, another is immortal; one is earthborn, another is the kingdom of heaven. It also points out that a man is binary, like his fate. He has brutish nature and humanity. He has soul and flesh. All in all, man like an intersection of two lines and also like a part of two inosculating chains. These two chains are all-inclusive. One is a tangible material system, another is an invisible system. The former one is from stone to human being; the later one is from human being to God.” Hugo’s binary opposition thoughts of pinity and humanity, humanity and barbarity, soul and flesh, kindness and badness, beauty and ugliness are fully in the shape of Claude’s characteristic. It makes his personality more abundant and complex. It becomes a controversial, but most can cause people to think about the image.
Early Claude is a commendable youth. He is a knowledgeable top student in the pinity school. Such as the novel says that Claude is really not a nobody. With the growth of the age and the increasing of the knowledge, Claude’s various desires are becoming more and more. A split mind is hidden under his priest's black cassock. He has a complex and contradictory duality. Because of the church's long-term asceticism, his emotion is alienated. From his appearance, he is a ghastly person.
Hugo models the image of Claude by using the contrast of the different stages’ characteristic. He gives Claude complex and contradictory duality. There is no doubt that in Claude’s heart, the ugly side is predominant. But he also has a kindly side before. The result of the conflict between beauty and ugliness of Claude is that the darkness of the inner world swallows the little shimmer. He changes from a top student to a gloomy and frightening person. The contrast of Claude’s early and late characteristic shows the destruction of theology repression to human being. It reflects that religion is a process to destroy its performer and how does the performer slaughter the innocent person. Thus, the anti-feudal and irreligious theme of this novel is deepened by this image.