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摘要本文旨在围绕美国南北战争后南方贵族没落这一无法挽回的命运,来探究美国内战前后南方贵族在面对兴衰时的复杂心理。昔日辉煌的旧南方贵族文化在战后渐渐成为历史，崭新的南方在北方工业文明的侵略下已成雏形。本文将通过分析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中刻画的三代人不同的心理特征来揭示福克纳作品中贵族没落的命运。这三代人分别为:以贵族价值观为导向的艾米丽•格里尔逊祖父辈一代，处于社会转型期的小镇人和艾米丽一代，以及南方的新兴一代。通过对这三代人不同的心理特征的分析,揭示了南方贵族最终走向没落的命运。7927
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关键词：《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》；福克纳；南方贵族；没落；心理分析
Abstract This paper is dedicated to probe into the vicissitudes of the southern American aristocrats before and after the Civil War, particularly into their inexorable degradation in the post-war time when the glories of the nobles prevalent in the Old South recede into history and the brand-new South emerges under the intrusion of northern industrialization. The paper is going to elaborate the degradation of the nobles presented in Faulkner’s works through analyzing the different psychological states of three generations characterized in A Rose for Emily. The three generations are the noble-oriented phase of Emily Grierson’s father and ancestors, the generation of Emily Grierson and the neighboring townspeople, and the disparate generation of the offspring in the New South. The analysis of the differences among these three generations allows the author to reveal the destined doom of the nobles.
Key words: A Rose for Emily; Faulkner; degradation; southern aristocrats; psychoanalysis
On the Degradation of Nobles in Faulkner's
A Rose for Emily
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction 1
II. The Preceding Generations of Emily Grierson—the Glorious Past 4
2.1 Slavery and Agriculture 4
2.2 Ideology of the Old South 5
2.2.1 Calvinism 6
2.2.2 The Southern Chivalry and Lady Hood 6
III. The Generation of Emily Grierson—the Transitional Period 8
3.1 Emily Grierson—“A Fallen Monument” 8
3.1.1 An Idol of the Old South 9
3.1.2 An Escapee of the New South 9
3.1.3 A Victim of the Old South 11
3.2 The Townspeople with Double Identities 12
3.2.1 Inheritors of Old Southern traditions 13
3.2.2 Advocates of the New South 14
3.3 The Symbolic Significance of the Old Negro 14
IV. The New Generation—the Final Ending of the Old Aristocrats 15
4.1 Their Objective View of the Old South 16
4.2 Their Objective View of the North 17
V. Conclusion 17
Bibliography 19
Acknowledgements………….21
I. Introduction
William Faulkner, a Noble laureate in 1949, was known for his great literary works such as The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, As I Lay Dying, Absalom! Absalom!, Go Down, Moses, and by critical consensus he is a top notch literary artist of the 20th century.
On September 25, 1897, Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, as the first child of Murry Cuthbert and Maud Butler Falkner. His great-grand father, William Clark Falkner, was a soldier, writer, banker, and railroad builder, known as the Old Colonel, having conducted a near-legendary life and casting a great influence over Faulkner’s literary career. Faulkner made him the prototype of Colonel John Sartoris of his fictional Jefferson, Mississippi, and Yoknapatawpha County.