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Abstract Through analysis of the political speeches delivered by President Obama and Prime Minister Cameron in recent years, this thesis paper examines pragmatic strategies applied in political speeches from the perspective of pragmatic principles.
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At the very beginning part, the researcher gives a definition of political speech and analyzes the characteristics of it. The following part introduces the theoretical basis of this study. The two major pragmatic principles of Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Horn’s Q- and R-principles offer theoretical support of this research. After that, the pragmatic principles used in this thesis are studied in lexical, sentential and contextual levels in order to identify the function of those applied pragmatic strategies.
The pragmatic principle has a great significance on the study of the strategies of political speech. First, political speech is the most important tool for political candidates and leaders to achieve their political goals, so the language of speeches needs to be delicately and tactically prepared according to certain pragmatic principles. Second, identifying pragmatic strategies used in political speeches can help hearers and the political commentators have a better understanding of the hidden information and deep meaning of the political speakers. Third, the analysis by pragmatic principles on strategies in political speeches which are comparatively complicated can be used in other fields such as business negotiation and daily communication, to help the speaker and hearer have a better communication.
Although different political speeches have different contents and styles, the effects that the speakers want to achieve are the same. Through the use of varied pragmatic strategies in political speeches, the politicians can affect the audience’s thoughts by winning their support and achieve personal political goals.
KEY WORDS: pragmatic strategies; political speech; pragmatic principle; Cooperative Principle
摘要本文通过对美国总统奥巴马和英国首相卡梅隆近年来发表的政治演讲的分析，从语用原则视角探究政治演讲中御用策略的应用。
首先，本文对政治演讲进行了定义并分析了政治演讲所具备的各种特点。随后文章介绍了这次研究的理论基础——格赖斯的合作原则和霍恩的两原则，这两个重要的语用原则为文章提供了理论支持。接着，本论文从词汇、句式和语境三个不同的层面对政治演讲中所运用的语用策略进行分析，并探究这些政治演讲中所运用的语用策略所起到的功能。
语用原则对于政治演讲策略研究有着重要意义。首先，政治演讲作为竞选者或政治领导人实现其政治目的的最重要工具，其语言必须根据某些特定的语用原则有策略地进行精心准备。其次识别政治演讲中的语用策略可以帮助听众及政治评论员更好地解读政治演讲这的隐含信息或深层意义。最后，语用原则对较复杂的政治演讲策略的分析可以推广到商业沟通、日常交流等其他领域，帮助沟通双方取得更好的交际效果。8492
尽管不同的政治演讲有着不同的内容和形式，但他们所要取得的效果是一样的——在演讲中运用各种语用策略让听众受演讲者的影响，接受并支持演讲者的政治观点以达到他们的政治目的。
关键词：政治演讲；语用策略；语用原则；合作
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments i
Abstract ii
摘要 iii
1 Introduction 1
2 Literature Review 2
2.1 Definition of Political Speech 2
2.2 Characteristics of Political Speech 2
2.3 Previous Reseaches on Political Speech 5
3 Theoretical Review of Two Major Pragmatic Principles 7