摘要随着人们生活水平的提高以及科技水平的飞速发展，对于距离测量的要求越来越高，方法也越来越多样化。例如汽车倒车雷达、工人矿井工作等场合，如何更加精确快速的进行测距是目前需要研究的课题。因此，通过比较市面上各种测距系统，本课题提出了一种准确、测量周期短、测量距离远、安全、性价比较高的超声波测距系统。84508

本课题是以FPGA为主控芯片，可实现与指定物体间的实时距离测量。根据超声波指向性强，能量耗损的程度低、并且在介质中传播距离远的特点，可以利用超声波发生器对指定方向的物体进行测量，经过主控芯片FPGA中控制模块对超声波测距仪的发射和接收到的超声波信号的时间进行分析和计算处理，将最后计算结果通过LED显示模块在数码管上进行显示。本系统可设置最大最小测量距离，当指定物体超出测量范围时，发出报警信号。

经实验证明，该系统的软硬件设计合理、对外界环境的抗干扰能力强、实时操作性良好。若在后期对其应用领域扩展后，可以应用在汽车的倒车检测、建筑施工工地等一些工业现场的重要安全位置监控。

毕业论文关键词：超声波；测距；FPGA 

Abstract With the improvement of people's living standards as well as the rapid development of technology, increasing demand for distance measurements of, methods are also more perse。 Such as car parking sensor, mine workers and other occasions, how to become more accurate and efficient range is the need to study the issue。 Thus, by comparing the distance measuring system on the market, this topic is presented accurately, short measurement cycles, measuring distance, safety, high cost performance of ultrasonic distance measurement system。

This project is based on FPGA chip, can be realized with the real-time distance measurements between the specified objects。 According to ultrasonic points to sex strong, energy wear of degree low, and in media in the spread distance far of features, can using Super wave generator on developed direction of objects for measurement, after main control chip FPGA in the control module on ultrasonic ranging instrument of launches and received to of ultrasonic signal of time for analysis and calculation processing, will last calculation results through LED displayed module in digital tube Shang for displayed。 To set maximum and minimum measurement distance of this system, when a specified object when the measuring range is exceeded, the alarm signal。

From the experimental results, the system hardware and software design, strong anti-jamming ability of the environment to the outside world, real-time action is good。 If at a later stage to its application extension, can be used in the car's reverse detection, some important industrial field such as construction site safety monitoring。

Keywords: Ultrasonic;Range;FPGA

目录

第一章  绪论 1

1。1 研究的背景和意义 1

1。2 国内外的研究现状 2

1。3 研究的内容和方法 2

第二章  系统方案设计 4

2。1 硬件设计思路 4

2。2 方案比较与选择 5

2。3 测距仪器选择 6

2。4 超声波测距原理 7

第三章  系统开发测试 9

3。1开发环境 9

3。2 编程语言 9

3。3 超声波测距性能综合分析。 10

第四章  系统硬件电路设计 11

4。1 FPGA的内部结构。 11

4。2 FPGA的工作原理。12

4。3 FPGA配置与下载。14

4。4 硬件电路设计。 16

第五章  系统软件方案设计流程。 21

5。1 系统软件的设计整体结构框架。 21

5。2 可编程FPGA的开发 22