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摘要超声波是指频率高于20kHz的声波，它方向性好，穿透能力强，易于获得较集中的声能，可用于测距、测速、清洗、碎石、杀菌消毒等，在医学、工农业、军事上应用都非常广泛。
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本次设计是将超声波运用在测距系统上，总体思想是利用C语言编辑单片机程序，控制超声波收发模块和定时器的运作，并在单片机内部实现对测得数据的计算，再将最终结果显示在1602液晶显示屏上。超声波测距理论基础是S=VT这一物理学知识。采用独立键盘的方式对单片机进行简单的参数设定。40941
单片机最小系统是设计的核心部分。STC8952单片机联结HC-SR04超声波模块，电源模块，1062液晶显示模块，蜂鸣器和LED报警模块组成整个超声波测距系统。本次设计报告的第四章对于硬件电路的各模块都做了详细的介绍和说明，关键模块都配备了相应的系统框图，硬件电路图以及程序流程图。硬件部分主要是对单片机的开发编程，本次设计运的用Keil C51开发系统使得整个开发方案制作更加完整快捷。
本次设计的超声波测距系统具有成本低、操作简便、准确度高、可读性强、工作稳定性强等优点。可用于物距、液面、深度、等各场合的距离参数测量，简单方便，实用价值较高。
毕业论文关键词：超声波 测距 单片机 HC-SR04
Abstract
Ultrasonic wave refers to the sound wave whose frequency is higher than 20K HZ, It has good direction, strong penetration, and easy to receive higher concentration of acoustic energy .It can be used for measuring distance and speed,cleaning ,sterilization and disinfection.in medicine, it is widely applied in fields of medicine ,industry, agriculture,and military .
This design applies ultrasonic wave in ranging system . By using the C language , this design tries to edit the microcontroller program to control ultrasonic wave transceiver modules and to operate the time. meanwhile it tries o realize the calculation of the measured data within the microcontroller an then to display the final results on the LCD1602. the ultrasonic ranging system is based theoretically on the physics of S=VT. This design makes simple parameter settings to the microcontroller in a manner of independent keyboard.
The smallest microcontroller system is the core part of the design. Ang the whole ultrasonic ranging system consists of the STC8952 microcontroller combining HC-SR04 ultrasonic module, the power module, the LCD1062 module, the buzzer and LED alarm module. The fourth chapter of this design report introduces and descriptions of the key modules are equipped with the corresponding system diagrams hardware circuit diagrams and program flow charts. The hardware part of this design is mainly about the development programming of the microcontroller. And the KEIL C51 developing system used in this design makes the whole development program more complete and efficient.
The ultrasonic ranging system has the advantages of being low cost an simple-operated. Meanwhile ,it has the high accuracy ,the good readability and the strong working stability. Being able to measure distance parameters in many occasions such as object distances ,liquid levels and depths, the ultrasonic ranging system in this design is simple, convenient and is of high practical value.
Key words: Ultrasonic Wave Ranging MCU HC-SR04
目 录
摘 要Ⅰ
Abstract.Ⅱ
1 绪 论1
1.1 课题背景及研究意义.1
1.2 研究现状.2
1.2.1 国内现状.2
1.2.2 国外现状.2
2 超声波测距原理.3
2.1 超声波简介.4
2.2.1 超声波的物理性质.4
2.2.2 超声波对声场产生的作用.4
2.2 超声波传感器的介绍.5
2.2.1 超声波传感器结构.5
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