摘要以发电厂煤粉仓粉位测量为背景，研究了超声波测距装置的组成与特性。采用理论分析，仿真和动手实验相结合的方法，对所需解决的理论和实践问题进行了详细讨论。

重点分析了驱动超声波传感器的主电路方案，选取单相全桥逆变电路作为功率变换电路的拓扑结构，并进行了仿真验证。完成了相关元器件的选型，设计并搭接了系统的硬件电路，包括驱动电路，功率变换主电路，放大电路，加法器电路和以LPC2131为核心的控制电路。基于ADS1.2设计了系统软件，包括初始化程序，AD转换程序及主程序。最后制作了一台实验样机并对波形进行观察分析，分析结果表明样机可以有效完成超声波测距，验证了软硬件设计的正确性和控制策略的可行性。60988

毕业论文关键词  超声波测距  驱动  单相全桥逆变  LPC2131

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title    Research  of  Ultrasonic  Power  Driven  and  Measurement  Technology

Abstract

As the background of the measurement of the coal powder in the power plant, the composition and the characteristics of Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System is studied. The theoretical and practical problems to be solved are seriously discussed by combining theoretical analysis with experiments.

Focus on the analysis of the main circuit to drive the ultrasonic sensors , the single phase full bridge inverter circuit is selected as the topology structure of the power conversion circuit and a simulation is carried out.  The related components selection is completed and the hardware circuit of the system is designed and built, including the drive circuit, the main circuit, the amplifying circuit, the adder circuit and the control circuit based on LPC2131.The software of the system based on ADS1.2 is finished, including the initialization program, the AD conversion program and the main program. Finally an experimental prototype is made to analyse the waveform, the analysis results show that the prototype can effectively complete the ultrasonic distance measurement, verify the validity of the software and hardware design and the feasibility of the control strategy.

Keywords  Ultrasonic Distance Measurement    Driver    Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter    LPC2131   

1 绪论....1

1.1  课题提出的背景...1

1.2  实现距离测量的方法...1

1.3  超声波测距研究的历史与现状...2

1.4  超声波测距法应用于煤粉仓粉位测量的优势...3

1.5  本文的主要工作...4

2  超声波测量方法的研究及测距装置总体方案..6

2.1  超声波测距的基本方法...6

2.2  超声波传感器的特性...6

2.3  两种常用传感器的介绍...8

2.4  测距装置总体方案.12

2.5  本章小结.12

3  超声波测距装置发射端硬件设计14

3.1  超声波测距装置发射端总体框架.14

3.2  发射端各主要部分方案论证.14

3.3  超声波发射端所选方案的分析与仿真.24

3.4  本章小结.31

4  超声波测距装置接收端硬件设计32

4.1  超声波测距装置接收端总体框架.32

4.2  接收端放大电路的设计.32

4.3  接收端加法器电路的设计.35

4.4  本章小结.36

5  超声波收发装置的软件设计37

5.1  软件设计总体方案.37

5.2  初始化程序.....37

5.3  AD采集中相关子程序..41

5.4  本章小结.42

6  实验结果与分析43

6.1  实验所用器材介绍.43