摘要无论在古代还是现代，“有”都是一个使用频率极高的字。在古汉语中，它被广泛的运用于各类典籍之中，而在现代汉语中，它的使用频率也仅次于“是”。由于“有”字使用的广泛性和其丰富的语义，历史上有许多学者都对它进行了研究。本论文将首先在前人研究的基础上，归纳他人对“有字句”、“有”的词性以及“有”的用法的研究。然后运用原型理论，分析“有”在各类不同用法中的英译。
关键词  有字句   “有”的用法   “有”的英译   原型理论19588
毕业论文外文摘要
Title  A Study of the Usages of yǒu and Its English Translation
Abstract
No matter it is in ancient times or modern times, yǒu is always a most frequently used word. In ancient Chinese, it was widely used in many books and records. In modern Chinese, the frequency of the use of yǒu ranks only second to that of shì. Due to its extensive application and rich implication, many scholars in history have made contributions to its research. This dissertation will first, on the basis of former studies, summarize others’ research about yǒu-sentence(有字句), the lexical category of yǒu and its usages in light of the Prototype Theory. Then its English translation in different conditions will be analyzed with the Prototype Theory.
Keywords   yǒu-sentence   the usages of yǒu   the English translation of yǒu   
            Prototype Theory
Table of Contents
1  Introduction    1
1.1  Background of Research    1
1.2  Aim and Methodology of Research    1
1.3  Layout of the Dissertation    2
2  Theoretical Framework of the Dissertation    3
3  Literature Review    5
3.1  The Definition of yǒu-Sentence    5
3.2  The Lexical Category of yǒu    6
4  The Usages of yǒu    7
4.1  yǒu Meaning Ownership    8
4.2  yǒu Meaning Existence    9
4.3  yǒu Meaning Quantity and Quality    10
4.4  yǒu Meaning Enumeration    10
4.5  yǒu as a Component of Polite Formula    10
4.6  yǒu as a Prefix before Dynasties    10
4.7  yǒu+VP    11
5  The English Translation of yǒu    12
5.1  yǒu Meaning Ownership    12
5.2  yǒu Meaning Existence    13
5.3  yǒu Meaning Quantity and Quality    15
5.4  yǒu Meaning Enumeration    15
5.5  yǒu as a Component of Polite Formula or a Prefix Before Dynasties    15
5.6  yǒu + VP    16
Conclusion    17
Acknowledgements    19
Bibliography    20
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of Research
From ancient to modern times, the word yǒu always belongs to the category of the often-used words. Its history could be dated back to the Shang Dynasty. Coming to the Qin Dynasty, it was even more frequently used in many kinds of ancient books and records. For instance, in The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, yǒu appeared  154 times and 444 times respectively. In ancient Chinese language, its lexical category was not fixed and it can function as a verb, a noun, an adjective, a conjunction or an auxiliary word according to different contexts. As the world is advancing, the role yǒu plays in syntax is gradually stabilized while its basic meaning of ownership is maintained. “有”的用法及其英译研究:http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_11013.html