2。 Literature Review 

2。1 Previous studies on foreignization and domestication 

Domestication and foreignization are two strategies in translation, which were first formulated in their modern sense by Lawrence Venuti, who introduced them to the field of translation studies in 1995 with his book The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation。 Domestication is the strategy of making the translated version conform to the culture of the target language, which may involve the loss of information from the source text。 Foreignization is the strategy of retaining information from the source text, and involves deliberately breaking the conventions of the target language to preserve its meaning。

    Generally speaking, domestication is target-language-oriented while foreignization is source-language-oriented。文献综述

Both the domestication and foreignization are widely used in translation especially when dealing with cultural factors。 But there was a progress of development of these two translation strategies。 Until 1950s and 1960s, when the more systematic, and mostly linguistic-oriented approach to the study of translation began to emerge (Jeremy 9), the focus had been shifted to the linguistic level。 Since the cultural turn appeared in 1970s, the dispute has been viewed from a brand new perspective –– social, cultural and historical。 The conflict between the two opposite and complementary translation strategies, domestication and foreignization, can be regarded as the cultural and political rather than linguistic extension of the time-worn controversy over free translation and literal translation (Wang Dongfeng 24)。 It can be inducted that liberal translation and literal translation are different from domestication and foreignization, but they may be alike sometimes。 To some extent, People have a standard in language or culture to judge whether a translation is domesticated or foreignized。 Literal and free translations are the two ways to solve the language forms and skills。 Domestication and foreignization are usually employed when cultural factors are involved in translation。 Domestication means replacing the source culture with the target culture, while foreignization mainly preserves the source culture。 Domestication and foreignization are dialectical, that is to say, they are both contrasting and complementary。