Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without the consistent and valuable reference materials that I received from my supervisor, Associate Professor Sun Hongying, whose insightful guidance and enthusiastic encouragement in the course of my shaping this thesis definitely gain my deepest gratitude. I would also avail myself to this opportunity to extend my sincere thanks to the other teachers, from whose teaching and instruction I obtained lifetime.32452
I also wish to sincerely thank my classmates and friends who have given me generous support and helpful advice on the past few years.
Finally, I wish to devote this paper to my beloved family, who has given me life and love. I owe a lot to them as well for their consistent support and encouragement.
Abstract
Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the Victorian critical realist writer Thomas Hardy’s representative works. In that era, the society had a tremendous change both in economy and politics. Therefore, in this work, he portrays men oppress and exploit on women and makes their life become more and more suffering. This novel describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace.
This paper researches and analysis the tragic life of the heroine Tess, from the visual angle of sociology of female consciousness, gender struggle, female fates, marriage by using feminist literary criticism. Exposes the unfair law, religion and social morality in Victorian era, at the same time discusses and awaken women’s self-knowledge and social equality consciousness through literature.
Key Words:  Tess, tragedy, patriarchy，feminism
摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是文多利亚时期批判现实主义作家托马斯.哈代的代表作，在那个时代，无论是经济方面还是政治方面都有着翻天覆地的变化。因此，哈代的这部作品主要描述了在男权社会，男性对女性的压迫和剥削并使他们的生活越来越艰辛。该小说主要讲了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运
本文运用女性主义文学批评理论从女性意识、性别抗争、女性命运、婚恋主题等社会学的视角进行研究分析小说中的女主人公苔丝的悲剧的根源。揭露文多利亚时代资本主义法律宗教，社会道德的不公，并从文学作品来探讨与唤醒女性的自我认识与社会平等意识。
毕业论文关键词：苔丝， 悲剧，男权，女性主义
Contents
Acknowledgments.i
Abstractii
摘要.iii
1 Introduction.1
1.1 The social background of Hardy’s time1
1.2The main plot of Tess of the D'Urbervilles2
2 Feminism3
2.1 The definition of feminism.3
2.2 The emergence and development of feminism.3
3 The analysis of co-related factors of Tess's tragedy with application of feminism5
3.1 Women's subordinated position and low economic status5
3.2 Unjust law, patriarchal religion, hypocritical morality.6
3.3 Unequal intersexual relationship9
3.4 Lacking of self-awareness11
4 Conclusion13
Bibliography14.
1 Introduction
In literary works, studies of female are an immortal subject. People analyze hardy’s work by means of different literary critical theories. Some analyze Tess’s tragedy from the perspective of eco-feminism; discuss the relation between men and women, people and nature. Some other critics analyze Tess from the perspective of Marxist Feminism Literary Criticism; they think the most serious thing that caused the tragedy of Tess is the economy and the class consciousness. From the perspective of inpidualistic heroism, the main point became the contradiction between the nature of human and the socialization. And from the perspective of pessimism, in such a society, Tess’s tragedy is her destined fate, the destined product of patriarch and industrialized society.

In this paper people will know what industrialization brought to western culture, what disadvantages it gave to ordinary people, what harm it made on women from the perspective of feminism. The impact of the Tess’s family and society, the influence of law and religion, the relation with Alec and Clare will be discussed in succession under feminism. In addition, some other aspects about inpidual self, sex roles and personality will also be placed under discussion. This paper falls into the following parts: the introduction of feminism, the analysis of co-related factors of Tess's tragedy with application of feminism, and the conclusion drawn on the basis of the analysis of the different aspects related with Tess’s fate. 从女性主义角度分析苔丝悲剧命运的根源:http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_29033.html