2。1。2 Core Concepts of Eco-translatology

The core concepts of Eco-translatology are adaptation and selection。 These concepts originated from the principle of natural selection that put forward by Darwin。 The process of translation is a definitely a language activity which is the language conversion。 At the same time, there is no denying that, in culture, the language is an  indispensable  part。  Also, the natural world consists of human beings activities。 So, all of these factors in the process of translation can be seen as an eco-system。 It is just similar to the Darwin’s  principle-“survival of the fittest”。 In the process of translation, there are many adaptation and selection in it。 It is not strange to exercise adaptation and selection in the process of translation。 Therefore, translation is deemed as the process of adaptation and selection。 That is to say, there is adaptation in selection, which is called selective adaptation, and  selection  in adaptation, which is called adaptive selection。 Translator is considered to adapt to the eco-environment of translation and to select the target source in the meantime。 The meaning of translational eco-environment has a broader range than traditional text。 It is the combination of source text, source language and target language and it is the entirety of many factors to restrict the translators’ best adaptation and optimal selection。 So, successful translation must be the result of multi-dimensional adaptation and adaptive selection to translators。 Multi  dimensions consist of linguistic dimension, communicative dimension and cultural dimension。 On linguistic level, translators change language forms in different levels  adaptively,  such  as lexical level, textual level and the like。 On cultural level, translators focus on the translation of bilingual cultural implication。 On communicative level, translators are the role of communicative bridge and attain the exact transformation between target and source languages。 Hence, the process of translation is the translators’ adaptation and selection。 As a matter of fact, Hu Gengshen proposed that “Adaptation and selection could be seen as translators’ instinct and the essence of translating” (Hu 221)。 Newmark (1982) deemed  that the focus of the process of translation was not the operation principle of source text or target text, but selection and decision of the source text。 Nida (Nida 34) points that the function depends on the knowledge, the expectations, target readers’ values, and  meanwhile, they receive  the  situation  and cultural  restrictions。