So far, there is little agreement on the explanation and categorization of learning strategies。 Weinstein and Mayer define learning a strategy as learners’ behavior and thoughts affecting the encoding process。 Wenden and Rubin regards learning strategies as operations, steps, plans by learners to enable access to any set routine storage, retrieval and employment of information。 Richards states that learning strategy is a deliberate action and learning to better help them comprehend, learn, or remember new information employed during the students' ideas。 In the theory of language acquisition, learning tactics refer to specific acts, procedures or technology in the development of language skills of students learning a second language。 The aim is to improve proficiency in second language。 And it can also promote the internalization, storage and employment of the second language。
Oxford combined related study together and classified strategies in two categories: direct and indirect。 These two classes can further be pided into six groups (memory, cognitive, and compensation under the direct class, meta-cognitive, effective, and social under the indirect class)。 Direct and indirect strategies support each other, and each strategy group is able to connect and assist every other strategy group。
The study of learning tactics in China began in the 1980s。 Huang was the first to do research on strategies。 Since then, research has received plenty of attention and effort。 A lot of research has proved that teaching students how to learn and giving them learning strategies can not only help them learn more effectively, but also improve education quality greatly。 Doing research into learning strategies can also better teachers’ teaching。 Through the understanding of students’ learning strategies, teachers can adjust their teaching strategies and methods accordingly, so as to improve their teaching。We must generate an environment in which we can provide the inborn language potentiality of their brains enough effective stimulation。 From the very beginning we throw students into fin English ocean。
3。1。4 Self-monitoring and Self-evaluating
Self-monitoring is a learner in the learning process to develop their own learning plans and learning strategies。 Arrange study plan, step by step to complete the learning content。 In the implementation process, teachers can check the process of learning, and to provide feedback to help modify the study plan。So that students will not blindly learning, learning effect is remarkable。 Self-evaluation is a learner in the learning process that it is summarized and evaluated。Evaluation of students for their own learning and progress situation continued reflect the timely and effective regulation of their own learning process, and the formation of effective learning strategies and promote the overall development of students integrated use of language ability, so that students with good learning ability。 They may realize that other ways of learning are more suitable and effective for their needs。 The capacity for self-monitoring in this way facilitates and strengthens learner autonomy文献综述
3。2 External Factors
Autonomous learning can be cultivated not to reduce it to a set of faculties to master。 Instead, it enables students to study stress-free, to explore the ocean of knowledge, to avoid external pressures, teachers and students can work independently as the pursuit of the goal, cooperation instead of competition。
3。2。1 Teachers
Generally speaking, teachers beliefs can be made up of beliefs of learner, learning and themselves。 Brindley (198) indicated that many west language teachers。 In Chinese traditional mode of education, the teacher is a communicator of knowledge, learning and examination of students have played a very important role。 The teacher can not only help students sort out the structure of knowledge, and summarize test points。 Teachers help students develop independent learning awareness, we found that students of merit, encourage and guide students through independent study found the joy of learning to get satisfaction。 Also through teacher and student exchanges, access to student learning and adjust the status studied plan。 影响大学生英语自主学习因素分析(5):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_96955.html