摘要随着人类文明的发展，金属铜已经成为与人类生活密切相关的重金属材料。它广泛应用于机械制造、轻工制造、电气化生产、建筑工业以及国防工业等领域。 但是铜材料在加工与应用的过程中，伴随着腐蚀，产生了重金属废水，对人类和大自然造成了严重的危害。如何有效地处理含铜的废水，已成为当前面临的一大问题。相比于其他方法，吸附法不仅简单，而且在成本上有很大优势。 87090

   本文先通过Hummers法制备得到了氧化石墨烯材料，利用紫外可见近红外分光光度计（UV3600）对氧化石墨烯进行了表征处理，测定了铜离子的吸光度，确定了溶液的初始浓度，初始PH值，对反应时间以及吸附剂的量对吸附效果的影响做了研究。从吸附动力学和吸附热力学两个方面研究了石墨烯对铜离子的吸附平衡曲线和吸附等温线。希望能为石墨烯材料在重金属离子吸附领域提供一些理论和实验依据。

毕业论文关键词：吸附， 重金属离子， 石墨烯

Abstract With the development of human civilization, copper has become a heavy metal material and human life are closely related。It is widely used in various fields, such as: machinery manufacturing, light manufacturing, Electrical production, construction industry and the defense industry and other fields。 But copper material during processing and application, accompanied by corrosion, resulting in a heavy metal waste water, humans and nature caused serious harm。 How to effectively deal with heavy metal waste, recycled metal materials has become a major environmental problem facing workers。 Compared to other methods, adsorption method is not only simple, but also has a great advantage in terms of cost。 Therefore, the method has broad prospects。

      First through the Hummers were prepared graphene oxide material,

the use of UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer (UV3600) of graphene oxide were characterized by processing copper ions absorbance was measured to determine the initial concentration of the solution, initial PH value, the reaction time and the impact of the amount of adsorbent to adsorption on to do the research。 Research on graphene on copper ion adsorption equilibrium curve and adsorption isotherm adsorption from adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics aspects。 Hope for graphene materials provide theoretical and experimental basis in the field of heavy metal ion adsorption。

Keywords: adsorption, heavy metal ions, graphene

                    目    录

  第一章 绪论 1

1。1  重金属污染 1

  1。1。1重金属污染的现状 1

  1。1。2重金属污染的危害 1

1。2 重金属废水处理技术 2

      1。2。1化学沉淀法 2

      1。2。2硫化物沉淀法 3

      1。2。3铁氧体共沉淀法 3

      1。2。4电化学法 3

      1。2。5溶液萃取法 4

      1。2。6离子交换法 4

      1。2。7膜分离法 5

      1。2。8 吸附法 5

  1。2。9生物处理法 6

    1。3常用吸附剂材料的研究现状