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摘要：轴承钢作为重要的工业零件，它的发展和研究一直在继续，特别是GCr15牌号的轴承钢在世界范围内被广泛使用。GCr15轴承钢热处理后具有独特的性价优势，而热处理过程中的相变和尺寸变化对于研究材料的人来说，异常重要。只有研究过了其结构变化，才能推知其性能的变化。本论文从尺寸变化的角度，阐述了钢在热处理过程中的相变。利用XRD分析了天安轴承厂的4个GCr15试样。对于没有残余奥氏体的试样进行热膨胀实验，冷却后再做了热膨胀试验，得出热膨胀系数随温度变化曲线。最为对照，证实了二次称重法测量马氏体回火到转变成铁素体的可能，从而发现利用二次称重发研究GCr15相结构变化的新方法。另外，二次称重法测出的实验数据可以作为判定GCr15组织的依据。
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关键词：XRD；GCr15；热膨胀；二次称重法；相变6033
Phase Transition And Dimensional Change Of GCr15 After Heat Treatment
Abstract: Bearing steel as an important industrial part, its development and research has continued, in particular grades of GCr15 bearing steel is widely used worldwide. GCr15 bearing steel has the unique advantage of price after heat treatment. It is extremely important for who is devoted in material science and engineering to study the dimensional change and phase transition during the heat treatment process. Only the change of structure can we derive its performance changes. This article from the perspective of dimensional changes, elaborated during the heat treatment of steel phase transformation. Use XRD to analysis four GCr15 specimens of Tian An Bearing Factory. TO make a thermal expansion test with no residual austenite specimens. When it cooled down, making a thermal expansion test again to obtain the curve of thermal expansion coefficient with temperature. As a control, it confirms that it is possible to use the method of second weighing to test volume change of tempered martensite. A new method to study GCr15 phase structure changes with secondary weighing method is found. In addition, the second weighing method measured experimental data can be used as a basis for determining GCr15 organization.
Key Words: XRD；GCr15；thermal expansion；the second weighing method；phase transition
目录
1. 绪论 1
1.1 轴承钢的概述 1
1.1.1 国外轴承钢的发展 1
1.1.2 国内轴承钢的发展 1
1.2 滚动轴承的质量、性能要求及失效形式 2
1.2.1 轴承钢的质量要求 2
1.2.2 滚动轴承的主要失效形式 4
1.3 GCr15轴承钢的介绍 5
1.4 GCr15轴承钢的热处理 5
1.4.1 球化退火 5
1.4.2 淬火、回火 6
1.5 钢热处理中的相变 7
1.5.1 铁素体 7
1.5.2 奥氏体 8
1.5.3 马氏体 8
1.5.4 回火马氏体 8
1.6 研究相变的方法 9
1.6.1 金相分析法 9
1.6.2 磁性法 10
1.6.3 差热分析 10
1.6.4 线膨胀分析 10
1.6.5 X射线衍射仪 10
1.7 钢的热处理中的尺寸变化 11
1.8 本文的研究目的和内容 11