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摘要：磁瓦是用在电动机中的瓦状磁铁，以永磁铁氧体为主要成分的磁瓦在高频时有较高的磁导率，目前已成为高频弱电领域用途非常广泛的非金属磁性材料，是磁性产业中的重要组成部分。本文以永磁铁氧体磁瓦为主要研究对象，对年产一万吨磁瓦的工艺进行了设计， 永磁铁氧体是以氧化锶或氧化钡及三氧化二铁为原料，通过陶瓷工艺方法制造而成，由于其原料价格便宜，而且生产工艺相对简单，所以其成品价格较其它磁铁而言相对低廉。铁氧体磁铁的主要原料是氧化物，所以不受环境或化学物质（除强酸外）影响而腐蚀，故表面不需要电镀处理。烧结铁氧体磁瓦生产工艺主要分为湿压异性、干压同性、干压异性，其异性与同性的区别是在于压机成型时是否有取向磁场，干压主要做同性和低档异性磁钢。本设计采用湿压异性方式生产经过高温烧结成产品。湿压工艺中因料浆含有水分，在磁场作用下成型，磁性颗粒更容易转向，所以湿压法比干压法能获得更高的取向度，产品的磁性能也更高。湿压工艺流程为：先原料进厂，进行预烧，再粗粉碎（一次球磨）之后配料，然后再经过球磨（湿磨），磁场成型，再对其进行烧结，之后进行多余部分的磨削，最后对成品进行清洗清洗，再根据需要充磁。永磁铁氧体的加工过程实际上是碳酸钡（BaCO3）或碳酸锶（SrCO3）与铁红（Fe2O3）经过高温下的固相反应充分生成六角形的铁氧体晶粒的过程。 制备过程中会加入少量的添加剂， CaO 在比较低的温度下是成熔融状态，因此降低了烧结温度，此外CaO 和SiO2 在烧结过程中， 对铁氧体的致密度和晶粒的生长速度以及程度起着至关重要的作用；添加剂 Al2O3 对烧结铁氧体的居里温度，以及内禀矫顽力的影响较大；HBO3通过一定的工艺成为玻璃体，弥散于铁氧体中，控制晶粒尺寸从而提高矫顽力。根据磁瓦的化学成分，进行了配比计算，计算得到原料的组成为：预烧料92.98%、碳酸锶1.14%、铁红3.88%、碳酸钙0.27%、氧化铝0.14%、硼酸 0.73%、氧化镧 0.38%、石英 0.47%。接下去进行物料衡算，物料衡算是工艺设计的重要组成部分，它是以生产规模、产品方案、工艺流程、工艺参数和生产班制作为基础。设计中物料衡算是对磁瓦生产过程各个工序物料量的一种近似算法，根据物料衡算得出各项工艺指标，例如：年产量、原料进厂量、球磨量等。根据物料衡算的结果，对磁瓦生产的主要设备进行了选型，设备数量的数量根据M 理 =Q/(FH)进行计算。磁瓦生产的主要设备有粗碎机、球磨机、磁场成型压机、隧道窑、磁瓦磨床等。最后根据主要经济技术指标包括年产量、原料进厂量、生产制度等对生产成本进行了初步计算。 并画出相应的厂区平面布局图及厂区工艺流程图图纸。 57141
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毕业论文关键词：永磁铁氧体；磁瓦；工艺设计；湿法成型
The Process Design of 10000 Ton Annual Output of Magnetic Tile
Abstract: Magnetic tile is used in the motor of the tile-shaped magnet, the magnetic tile with permanent ferrite as a main component at high frequencies have high permeability, high frequency has become weak areas very versatile non-metallic magnetic materials , magnetic industry is an important part. The object of permanent ferrite magnetic tile with the main object of study, 10,000 tons of magnetic tile process was designed, based on hard ferrite strontium oxide or barium oxide and ferric oxide as raw materials, ceramics as process, because of its cheap raw materials, and the production process is relatively simple, so the finished product relatively inexpensive compared with other magnets terms. The main raw material of ferrite magnets is an oxide, it is not subject to environmental or chemicals (except strong acid outside) the effects of corrosion, so the surface does not require plating. Sintered ferrite magnetic tile production process is pided into wet pressing heterosexual, homosexual dry pressing, dry-pressed heterosexual, which differs from heterosexual sex is that if there is press molding oriented magnetic field, dry pressing to do mainly homosexual and heterosexual low magnet, and high-performance magnets can only be used after wet pressing heterosexual way to produce high-temperature sintering into products. This design uses the wet compression way production after high temperature sintering into products. Wet compression process for slurry containing water, the production is formed under the action of magnetic field, magnetic particles are more likely to turn the direction, so wet pressure than dry pressing method can obtain a higher orientation degree, the products of magnetic properties is also higher. Wet compression process is: first raw materials into the plant, pre burn, and coarse crushing after the ingredients, and then again after ball milling (wet milling), molding in magnetic field, then the for sintering and grinding of the excess, at the end of the finished washing, and then root according to requires the magnetization. The machining process of the permanent ferrite is actually the process of the formation of hexagonal ferrite grains by the solid reaction of barium carbonate (BaCO3) or strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and Tie Hong (Fe2O3) under high temperature. Preparation can be added a small amount of additives, CaO at relatively low temperatures is into the molten state, thus reducing the sintering temperature. In addition of CaO and SiO2 in the sintering process, ferrite induced by density and graingrowth velocity and degree plays a crucial role; Al2O3 additive sintered ferrite Curie temperature, and the intrinsic coercivity of larger; HBO3 by a certain process become vitreous diffusion in ferrite, control grain size and improve the coercivity. According to the chemical composition of the magnetic tile, the calculation of the ratio, the composition of raw material was calculated as: pre sintered 92.98%, carbonate strontium 1.14%, iron oxide red 3.88% and carbonate calcium 0.27%, alumina 0.14%, boric acid 0.73%, 0.38% lanthanum oxide, quartz 0.47%. The material balance is an important part of the process design. It is based on the production scale, product plan, process flow, process parameters and production class. Material balance calculation is a kind of approximation algorithm for each working procedure material quantity in the magnetic tile production process, according to the material balance calculation, the process parameters, such as: annual output, raw material inlet, ball milling, etc.. According to the results of material balance, the main equipment of the production of magnetic tile is selected, the number of equipment according to the number of M =Q/ (FH) to calculate. Magnetic tile production of the main equipment are coarse crusher, ball mill, magnetic field molding machine, tunnel kiln, magnetic tile grinder, etc.. Finally, according to the main economic and technical indicators, including annual production, raw materials into the plant, production system, the production costs were calculated. And draw the corresponding plant layout plan and plant process flow chart drawing.