摘要自从2004石墨烯从实验室获得到2010年获得诺贝尔奖，对二维晶体材料的研究便慢慢成为许多物理学、材料科学等领域研究热点。石墨烯、硅烯这类碳族二维晶体材料有着优异的物理化学性能，但于此同时也暴露出一个比较严重的弱点—零带隙，严重影响了它们在电子器件、光电子器件中的应用。二维晶体材料黒磷虽然很好的克服了零帯隙的弱点，但在室温下黒磷非常不稳定。锑烯在理论上有着高稳定性，以及优异的物理和化学性能，包括非常高的流动性，优异的导热性。然而，目前还没有明确的实验来验证单层或几层锑烯优异的性能。我们实验室首次通过液相剥离法制备大量高质量的锑烯薄片，通过XRD ，Raman光谱和TEM表征单层或几层锑烯，结果表明锑烯为六边形晶体结构，有着非常好的稳定性。81135

毕业论文关键词：  二维晶体材料、   液相剥离、    石墨烯、  锑烯

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title    Preparation of two-dimensional antimonene by liquid-phase exfoliation                                                                         

Abstract From 2004 when graphene was fisrt obtained in laboratory to 2010 when the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to the discoverers of graphene, the research of two-dimensional crystal materials has become a hot topic in many fields, such as physics, materials science and so on。 Graphene, a two-dimensional crystal material of the carbon family has excellent physical and chemical properties。 However, it also exposes a serious weakness - bandgap vacancy，which seriously impedes its applications in electronic devices and optoelectronic device。 Although 2D materials black phosphorus overcomes the weakness of the bandgap vacancy， black phosphorus is unstable in ambient conditions。 Arsenene and antimonene were recently theoretically predicted to be of high stability, as well as outstanding physical and chemical properties, including extremely high mobility, superior thermal conductivity。 However, there is yet no clear experiment to verify the existence and characteristic of free-standing arsenene and antimonene with monolayer or few-layer thickness。 Here, we report the first experimental preparation of large quantity, high quality, free-standing few-layer antimonene nanosheets via liquid exfoliation。 The XRD, Raman spectroscopy and TEM characterizations reveal the buckled hexagonal crystal structure of few-layer antimonene。 Our experimental results prove that atomically thin antimonene is very stable in ambient conditions。

Keywords:  2D materials,  liquid exfoliation,  graphene, antimonene

目  次

1绪论3

1。1二维晶体材料简介3

1。1。1石墨烯3

1。1。2二硫化钼5

1。1。3黒磷6

1。1。4锑烯 砷烯 7

1。2二维晶体材料制备方法7

1。2。1微机械剥离法7

1。2。2液相剥离法8

1。2。3氧化还原法8

1。2。4化学气相沉积法8

1。2。5 外延生长法8

1。2。6 化学剥离法8

1。3 二维晶体材料的应用9

1。4 对二维晶体材料锑烯的研究9

2 实验方法11

2。1 二维晶体材料锑烯的制备11

2。2 有机溶剂的制备11

2。3 锑烯的表征11

3 实验数据分析 12

结论17

致谢18

参考文献19

1 绪论

   石墨烯从2004首次从实验室获得到2010年获得诺贝尔奖，便慢慢成为物理学，材料学科等前沿领域研究热点领域。但石墨烯并不是唯一的二维晶体材料，在不断研究石墨烯的同时也发现其它二维晶体材料，如硅烯和锗烯等,展现出优越的性能,被广泛应用于信息、能源和电子器件中。但这些炭族二维晶体材料也显现了严重的弱点——零带隙,严重影响了它们在电子器件、光电子器件中的应用。随着研究的深入，我们通过第一性原理计算机模拟发现二维晶体材料锑烯在单层或者几层时并没有出现零带隙的特点。所以对二维晶体材料不断地深入研究有着重大前景。