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from this, in work with a heavy feedstock, a furnace of 4million kcal/h output was included in the scheme
of the unit. The scheme and lay-out of the unit ensured operation over a wide range of change in load
with respect to vapor and liquid. The maximum load allowed one to obtain a vapor velocity equal to
3 m/see (calculated across the whole column cross section).
A large amount of feedstock was required to carry out an extended continuous process; therefore
operatice~ of the unit was accomplished with a continuous closed cycle. Distillate from the top of the
column and residue from the bottom of the column entered a mixing vessel, whence they were again fed
by a pump through heat exchangers, and into the column (as feedstock). The unit allowed operation under
a pressure up to 10 kg/cm 2.
The basic purpose of this unit is to enable one to determine the effective and stable region of oper-
ation of plates of various constructions, their hydraulic resistance, and other characteristics which
describe plate operation and which allow development of design methods (in Fig. 1 we showed an operator unit).
In the units described and the remaining six in the "Giproneftemash, " the operation of over 50
constructions of both foreign and domestic plates has been studied. The experimental-constructional 4000 6000 G,kg/mZh a
2OOO ~0
b
M.s _--
I~G, kg/m2h
Fig. 4. Dependence of resistance, Ap(a), of plates
and liquid entrainment, i (b), on mass velocity
of the gas G in cross section of unit at liquid
flow rates of 10-16 m3/m2.h: 1) Bubble cap
plate; 2) plate of S-shaped elements; 3)valved
once-through plate; 4) sieve plate with baffle
elements; 5) mesh-work plate.
Fig. 5. Dependence of overall efficiency, ~7, of
plates on vapor velocity, w, in column cross
se0tion: 1) sieve plate with baffle elements;
2) bubble cap plate; 3) valved once-through "
plate; 4) S-shaped plate.
and investigative work carried out have allowed
selection of the most promising types of plates
from the number of those tested and the develop-
ment of new, more effective ones.
Determining the region of application of these constructions allowed drawing the conclusion that