We recommend tilling at 30 day intervals to achieve optimum growth of ornamental plant species in both plantation models in hot, arid regions of Indian subcontinent。 This obtains dual benefits through savings on labor inputs and achievement of better landscape results in fewer days。

Fig。 1 Effect of soil tilling on height and crown diameter of plants with respect to plantation models (mean±S。E。)

References 

Attwell K。 2000。 Urban land resource and urban planning - case studies from Denmark。 Landscape and Urban Planning, 52: 145−163。 

Beard JB, Green RL。 1994。 The role of turf grasses in environmental protection and their benefits to humans。 Journal of Environmental Quality, 23: 1−16。 

Bolitzer B, Netusil NR。 2000。 The impact of open spaces on property values in Portland, Oregon。 Journal of Environmental Management, 59: 185−193。 

Bolund P, Hunhammar S。 1999。 Ecosystem services in urban areas。 Ecological Economics, 29: 293−301。

Bush JK, Van Auken OW。 1990。 Growth and survival of Prosopis glandulosa seedlings associated with shade and herbaceous competition。 Botanical Gazette, 151: 234−239。 

Chaudhry P, Gupta RK。 2010。 Urban greenery and its sustainable extension strategies in hot arid region of India。 International Journal of Sustainable Society, 2: 146−155。 

Cheng G, Xiao D, Wang G。 2000。 Characteristics and construction of landscape ecology in arid regions。 Chinese Geographical Science, 10: 13−19。 

Dospekhov BA。 1984。 Field Experimentation。 Moscow: Mir Publishers, p。 352。

Fales SL, Wakefield RC。 1981。 Effects of turf grass on the establishment of woody plants。 Agronomy Journal, 73: 605−610。

Fang C, Ling D。 2005。 Guidance for noise reduction provided by the tree belts。 Landscape and Urban Planning, 71: 29−34。 

Hendrickson C。 2008。 Evaluation of competition between turf grass and trees in the landscape。 All Graduate Theses and Dissertations。 Paper 65, Utah State University, US。 Available at http://digitalcommons。usu。edu/etd/65。 Jim CY, Wendy YC。 2009。 Ecosystem services and valuation of urban forests in China。 Cities, 26: 187−194。 

Johnson AD, Gerhold HD。 2003。 Carbon storage by urban tree cultivars, in roots and above–ground。 Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2: 65−72。 

Konijnendijk CC。 1999。 Urban Forestry in Europe: A Comparative Study of Concepts, Policies and Planning for Forest Conservation, Management and Development in an around major European cities。 Doctoral dissertation, Research Notes No 90, Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu。 

Konijnendijk CC。 2001。 Urban Forestry in Europe。 In: Palo, M。, Uusivuori, J。, Mery, G。 (Eds。), World Forests (Vol III, 2001)。 Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp。 413−424。 

Luttik J。 2000。 The value of trees, water and open space as reflected by house prices in The Netherlands。 Landscape and Urban Planning, 48: 161−167。 

McPherson EG, Simpson JR。 1998。 Air Pollutant uptake by Sacramento’s urban forest。 Journal of Arboriculture, 24: 224−234。 

McPherson EG, Simpson JR, Peper PF。 2005。 Municipal forest benefits and costs in five US cities。 Journal of Forestry, 103: 411−416。 

Nielson AP, Wakefield RC。 1978。 Competitive effects of turf grass on the growth of ornamental shrubs。 Agronomy Journal, 70: 39−42。 

Nowak DJ。 1994。 Air pollution removal by Chicago’s urban forest。 In: E。G McPherson, D J Nowak and R A Rowntree (eds。), Chicago’s Urban Forest Ecosystems: Results of the Chicago’s Urban Forest Climate Project。 General Technical Report NE-186, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, St。 Paul, MN, pp。 63−81。