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摘要：安全，是人类生存与发展的最基本要求，是生命与健康的基本保障。安全生产是保护劳动者安全健康，保证国民经济持续发展的基本条件。施工现场充斥着大量的安全隐患，各种不安定因素随时都有可能导致事故的发生，严重威胁施工人员的生命安全。6417
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本论文首先通过介绍建筑工程项目危险源的辨识与分析，阐明危险源与事故的关系，依据危险源辨别的原则与方法，剖析建筑施工常见的危险源，做到从根源上尽量避免安全问题的发生。其次，再通过三大体系的安全对策对施工现场的安全问题进行宏观上的防控。这三大体系主要是：建筑施工企业安全文化体系、建筑施工安全教育培训考核体系以及建筑施工企业安全生产保证体系。最后通过PDCA循环（戴明循环）管理模式不断循环计划——实施——检查——处置四个阶段的方式来改善管理质量的方法，周而复始，以有秩序、系统化的方式循序执行，获得较佳的安全管理效益。
再通过常州市两个类似的建筑施工项目的对比分析,发现未使用PDCA循环管理模式的施工项目由于技术文件编制欠周全、违章作业、安全管理机制运转不畅,造成了安全事故的发生。相比之下,通过PDCA循环进行管理的施工项目也有类似的安全隐患存在,但是由于通过3次PDCA循环对所存在的隐患进行逐层次的梳理检查,在每次循环中仔细分析讨论存在问题,并提供针对性对策,实施之后还对上次循环进行总结,所以能够及时处理安全隐患,保障了施工人员的生命安全,更好的对材料和物品进行分类管理,解决安全隐患问题。
PDCA循环管理为建筑施工的安全管理提供了非常有效的方法和模式,是值得推广使用的先进管理方法和理念。
关键词：建筑施工；安全；PDCA；管理
Construction Site Safety Control and Countermeasures
ABSTRACT:Safety is the most basic requirement of human survival and development, and the basic guarantee of life and health. Safety in production is the basic condition to protectworkers’ safety and health and make sure the national economy can develop.Construction sites are filled with a large number of potential safety problems, and allsorts of destabilizing factors may lead to accidents at any time, seriously threatening the lives and safety of construction workers.
First on the identification and analysis of the risk of introduction of building projects to clarify the relationship between the hazard and the accident, based on the principles and methods of hazard discrimination, analysis of construction common source of danger, so try to avoid the root causes of the occurrence of safety issues. Secondly, through the three systems security countermeasures macro on the prevention and control of construction site security issues. The three systems: safety culture system of construction enterprises, construction safety education training and examination system and the construction enterprise production safety assurance system. Last through the PDCA cycle (Deming cycle) management mode continuous cycle of Plan - Do - Check - disposal four stages to improve the quality of management, again and again, in an orderly, systematic sequential execution, to obtain more good security management efficiency.
We compared with two similar cases about construction in the city of changzhou,found our illegal construction and blocking of operation in safety system occurred in the one without PDCA which is also in short of technical files. This situation resulted in a serious accient .On the contrary, though the case under PDCA management occurred the similar problems with the former one. After running the PDCA cycles for 3 times,Constrution enterprise roundly checked the hidden troubles, set down corresponding tactics by analyzing these deficiencies.Summarization was also maken at the step of each cycle to ensure all these tactics were well running.As a result ,no casualties were found in this construction case and every related parted went well.Enterprise also saved money through reasonably cleaned up all tools and materials,and won a positive report in construction market.