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摘要：塔设备是化工、石油化工和炼油等生产中最重要的设备之一。它可使气（或汽）液或液液两相之的设备之一。它可使气（或汽）液或液液两相之间进行紧密接触，达到相际传质及传热的目的。长期以来，最常用的是按塔的内件结构分为板式塔和填料塔：（1）板式塔是气体以鼓泡或喷射的形式穿过塔盘上的液层使两相密切接触进行传质；（2）填料塔是液体沿填料表面成膜状向下流动，作为连续向的气体自下而上流动，与液体进行传质。绝大多数的塔设备都是采用钢材质造的，因为钢材具有足够的强度和塑性，制造性能较好，设计制造的经验也比较成熟。在化工或炼油厂中，塔设备的性能对于整个装置的产品产量、质量、生产能力和消耗定额以及三废处理和环境保护等各个方面都有重大的影响。因此，塔设备的设计和研究受到化工、炼油行业的极大重视。塔设备通过其内件使气（汽）液两相或液液之间充分接触，实现质量传递和热量传递。本次设计的为对二甲苯装置甲苯塔。首先确定塔体、封头和裙座的制造材料。塔壳和封头的材料选为Q345R。裙座与筒体直接对焊，所以裙座材料也选择Q345R。按常规设计方法，确定塔壳、封头、裙座名义厚度均为12mm。依据等面积补强的原则，对塔体上的诸多开孔进行开孔补强设计，确定补强圈尺寸。然后计算关键截面的应力，对塔体进行质量载荷、风载荷和地震载荷下强度和稳定性校核。并且对塔盘、地脚螺栓、吊柱、除沫器、法兰等零部件进行了设计和选型。最后利用AutoCAD绘图软件画出一张总装配图以及若干零件图。6753
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关键词：二甲苯；板式塔；裙座
P-xylene unit toluene tower design
Abstract:Tower equipment is one of the most important equipment in chemical, petrochemical and oil refining production. It can make the gas (or steam) liquid or equipment of liquid-liquid two-phase. It can make the gas (or steam) in close contact between the liquid or liquid - liquid two - phase, achieve the purpose of mass transfer and heat transfer. Long-term since, the most commonly used is pided into plate column and packed column by column internal structure: (1) plate tower is gas to bubble or spray form, through the liquid layer on the tray of the two-phase close contact mass transfer; (2) packing tower is the liquid along the filler surface film like the downward flow, as the continuous gas flow to the bottom-up, mass transfer and liquid. The vast majority of tower equipment is made by steel quality, because the steel has
sufficient strength and plasticity, good performance of manufacturing, design and manufacturing experience is also more mature. In the chemical or oil refineries, have a significant impact on performance of tower equipment for the whole device product yield, quality, production capacity and consumption and waste treatment and environmental protection etc.. Therefore, attaching great importance to the design and research of tower equipment by the chemical industry, oil refining industry. Tower equipment to make the gas through the inner parts (steam) sufficient contact between the liquid or liquid, realization of mass and heat transfer. The design for the PX unit toluene tower. First determine the tower body, head and skirt of manufacturing materials. The tower shell and head material is chosen as Q345R. The skirt and the cylinder direct butt welding, so the skirt material choose Q345R. According to the conventional design method, to determine the tower shell, head, skirt nominal thickness are 12mm. On the basis of the principle of area reinforcement, opening reinforcement design of the tower body many holes, determine the reinforcing ring size. Stress and calculation of critical section, quality load, wind load and seismic load strength and stability check of tower body. And on the tray, anchor bolt, davit, demister, flange and other parts of the design and selection. The use of AutoCAD drawing software to draw a general assembly drawing and part drawing number.
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