典型化工废水中重金属含量检测方法及应用研究

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摘要化工废水中往往因为生产工艺中催化剂以及副料的存在而导致含有重金属，因此，开展化工废水中重金属的检测非常重要。本文采用选择性好、分析速度快的火焰原子吸收分光光度法建立含氟化工废水中重金属的检测方法。本文针对岛津原子吸收光谱仪，进行了检出限、加标回收率、精密度等相关方法保障进行了研究，结果分别为铜的检出限为0.0179mg/L，加标回收率在101%-103%，精密度在高、中、低浓度范围内0.33%-0.95%；镍的检出限为5.566×10-3mg/L，加标回收率在105%-123%，精密度在高、中、低浓度范围内0.206%-2.26%；铅的检出限为7.911×10-3mg/L，加标回收率在87%-112%，精密度在高、中、低浓度范围内0.329%-2.34% 。根据《水和废水检测方法（第四版）》中化工废水重金属含量检测前处理方法，对化工废水预处理后，进行样品铜、镍、铅含量测定。对实际水样检测结果表明，3种氟化工废水中铜的含量分别为16.047mg/L、36.17mg/L、0.752mg/L；镍的含量分别为1.9432mg/L、0.02278mg/L、0.17543mg/L；铅的含量分别为1.185mg/L、0.045mg/L、0.537mg/L。根据《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 8978-2002）可知，三种化工废水中铜含量都超过排放标准0.5 mg/L属于超标；镍有两种废水含量大于排放限值0.05 mg/L，所以有两种废水存在镍含量超标；两种废水中存在铅含量超出排放限值0.1 mg/L，所以其中有两种废水中存在铅含量超标；因此都需要经过处理才能排放。此外，本研究证实有机化工废水中并非仅仅含有有机污染物，重金属类污染物仍然有可能存在，在化工废水的常规监测中仍然需要密切注意重金属类污染物的排放问题。 47189

毕业论文关键词：火焰原子分光光度法；岛津原子吸收光谱仪；化工废水；重金属

Abstract

Chemical wastewater often contain heavy metals, because the catalyst and auxiliary material existence in the production process, therefore, the detection of heavy metals in chemical wastewater is very important. In this paper, good selectivity, rapid analysis flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used to detect heavy metal in the containing fluorine chemical industry wastewater. To Shimadzu atomic absorption spectrometer, the detection limit, spiked recoveries, precision and other related methods guarantee has been studied. The detection limit of copper is 0.0179 mg/L, the recoveries in 101%-103%, precision of the high, medium and low concentration range in 0.33%-0.95%; For nickel detection limit in 5.566×10-3 mg/ L, the recoveries in 105%-123%, precision of the high, medium and low concentration range in 0.206%-2.26%; For lead detection limit in 7.911×10-3 mg/ L, and the recovery in the 87% -112%, precision of the high, medium and low concentration range in 0.329% -2.34%. According to the processing method for the detection of heavy metal wastewater by "test method of water and wastewater (Fourth Edition)", chemical wastewater samples after pretreatment, determination of copper, nickel, lead content. The results showed, contents of fluorine chemical copper in three kinds of wastewater were 16.047mg/L, 36.17mg/L, 0.752mg/L; the contents of nickel were 1.9432mg/L, 0.02278mg/L, 0.17543mg/L; lead contents were 1.185mg/L, 0.045mg/L, 0.537mg/L. According to the "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" (GB 8978-2002) showed that the copper contents of more than chemical wastewater discharge standard 0.5 mg / L are exceeded; two kinds of nickel contents in wastewater are greater than the discharge limit of 0.05 mg/L, so there are two kinds wastewater of nickel content exceeded; two kinds of wastewater lead content exceeding emission limit 0.1 mg/L, so there are two types of excessive levels of lead in wastewater; therefore needs to be treated before discharge. In addition, the study confirmed that not only organic chemical wastewater containing organic pollutants, heavy metals and pollutants may still exist, still need to pay close attention to the emission of heavy metals in the routine monitoring of chemical pollutants in wastewater.