摘要面对现今社会科技的飞速发展，传统的电容器的缺点日益凸显：电容量低、循环使用次数少、充放电速率低等等，其低劣的电性能已不能满足当今社会的需要。与之相比，超级电容器具有循环使用寿命高，高电容，充放电速率快以及可提供的瞬时电压高等特点，其优异的电性能已经吸引了学界极大的关注。本实验以改进的Hummers法所制备的石墨烯为原料，再经过聚苯胺原位合成，最后通过水热法制备出石墨烯/聚苯胺/Co3O4复合材料。实验充分结合了石墨烯的高导电性和高比表面积特性，Co3O4较高的电容量以及聚苯胺良好的环境稳定性和特殊的杂化/去杂化化学过程。实验结果通过红外光谱法，X射线衍射法，扫描电子显微镜，热重分析法，循环伏安法以及恒电流充放电法进行表征。表征结果显示，复合材料四氧化三钴的质量分数约为41%，在2 A/g、3 A/g、4A/g条件下测试时，电极比电容量分别为955， 946， 930 F g-1。所制备的电极材料具有良好的电化学性能，循环稳定性优异。61971

毕业论文关键词： 超级电容器；石墨烯；聚苯胺；四氧化三钴；复合材料。

Abstract Faced with the rapid development of modern social science and technology, the shortcomings of traditional capacitors is increasingly obvious: low capacity, low cycle times charge-discharge rate is low, etc., the poor electrical properties can not meet the needs of today's society. In contrast, the super capacitor has a cycle life, high capacitance, and fast charge-discharge rate and high transient voltages available, its excellent electrical performance has attracted a great deal of academic attention. In this experiment, the graphene modified Hummers method prepared as raw materials, through the polyaniline synthesis, and finally prepare graphene / polyaniline / Co3O4 composite by hydrothermal method. Experimental graphene fully integrated high conductivity and high specific surface area characteristics, Co3O4 high capacity and good environmental stability of polyaniline and a special hybrid / hybrid to the chemical process. The experimental results by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge method. The results showed the composite cobalt oxide mass fraction of about 41% in the next 2 A / g, 3 A / g, 4A / g condition test, electrodes 955, 946, 930 F g-1 ratio of the capacity respectively electrode material prepared with good electrochemical performance and excellent cycle stability.

Keywords: Supercapacitor; Graphene; Polyaniline; Cobalt oxide; Composite materials.

目录

Abstract 3

1 绪论 6

 1.1 课题背景 6

 1.2 超级电容器原理 6

 1.3 石墨烯的制备方法 7

 1.4 炭基超级电容器电极材料的研究进展 8

 1.5 超级电容器的应用 11

 1.6 课题意义 12

2 G-PANI-Co3O4的制备 13

 2.1 引言 13

 2.2 仪器与试剂 13

  2.2.1 实验试剂 13

  2.2.2 设备 14

 2.3 表征手段 14

  2.3.1 红外光谱 14

  2.3.2 X射线衍射 15