摘 要：通过磷酸浸泡，辅助微波氧化活化小麦秸秆制备活性炭，通过乙二醇原位还原氯铂酸，将生成纳米铂颗粒与活性炭原位复合，形成活性炭/铂（AC/Pt）；并将AC/Pt加入苯胺的硫酸溶液中，利用纳米铂催化苯胺聚合，得到活性炭/铂/聚苯胺复合材料（AC/Pt/PAN）。采用BET、SEM表征了产物的结构和形貌。结果表明：在用32mL15%的磷酸溶液浸泡4g小麦秸秆，再在功率为700W的微波炉中活化3min（分3次进行，每次1min）条件下制得的活性炭最佳，比表面积达650。9m2/g；采用红外光谱和扫描电镜－能谱对产物进行表征，结果表明复合材料中铂存在于活性炭的孔隙中，聚苯胺附着在活性炭的孔隙中。采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗测试方法对其电化学性能进行了研究。根据1A/g充放电性能测试发现，AC/Pt/PAN的比容量为162。2F/g，优于AC的125。1F/g，但与AC/PAN的200。6F/g还存在较大差距。但在充放电测试中，AC/Pt/PAN的比容量保留率比AC/PAN的有明显的提升，AC/Pt/PAN电极具有良好的电容性能，但为了进一步提高其比容量，实验条件还需进一步完善，探究AC、Pt、PAN的最佳比例。72597

毕业论文关键词：  小麦秸秆   活性炭   聚苯胺   纳米铂   超级电容器

Abstract：Soaking in phosphoric acid, and then assisted by microwave oxidation, activated carbon (AC) was successfully synthesized from wheat straw。 Platinum nanoparticles were generated into the texture of activated carbon (AC) to achieve AC/Pt composite by in situ reduction of chloroplatinic acid using ethylene glycol as the reducing agent。 Then, AC/Pt/PAN composite material was obtained by adding AC/Pt to aniline sulfate solution to catalyze the polymerization of polyaniline。 The obtained AC and AC/Pt/PAN composite were characterized by BET and SEM techniques, and used as electrode material of super capacitor。 Results show that under the condition of soaking 4g wheat straw in 32mL 15% phosphoric acid solution, then activated in 700W microwave for 3min (3 times, each time 1min), the obtained activated carbon possess the optimal BET surface area (650。9m2/g)。 The AC/Pt/PAN composite were characterized by FT-IR and SEM, and the results showed that Pt was found in the pores of activated carbon and polyaniline was attached to the activated carbon pores。 Besides, the electrochemical performance of AC/Pt/PAN was tested by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge discharge and AC impedance measurement。 According the charge and discharge performance test under 1A/g current density, we found that the specific capacity of AC/Pt/PAN reach to 162。2F/g, which is better than that of AC 125。1F/g, but less than that of AC/PAN 200。6F/g。 During the cycling test, the retention rate of AC/Pt/PAN was improved significantly comparing to that of AC/PAN electrode。 These results proved that the AC/Pt/PAN electrode has good capacitance performance and cycle life。 In order to further improve its specific capacity, the experimental conditions need to be further studied in order to explore the best proportion of carbon , platinum and polyaniline。

Key words:  Wheat straw, Activated carbon, Polyaniline, Nano platinum, Super capacitor

目   录

1  引言 4

2  实验部分 5

2。1  实验材料 5

2。2  实验设备 5

2。3  活性炭的制备 5

2。4  活性炭/铂/聚苯胺的制备 6

2。5  电极材料的制备 6