摘要本文以尿素/磷酸二氢铵，硫酸铵/磷酸二氢铵为两组阻燃剂配方，采用单因素实验法，以载药率、氧指数为衡量指标，探索最优配方和处理工艺，利用红外光谱、XRD、热重研究阻燃剂对木材的影响及其阻燃机理。研究结果表明，两种阻燃剂的最佳条件分别为:尿素:磷酸二氢铵 1:9、60℃、11h；硫酸铵：磷酸二氢铵 1:5、60℃、14h。XRD表明阻燃剂对纤维素结晶区无影响，但会使非结晶区降解。热重分析表明加入阻燃剂后，木材热解温度降低，残重增加，结合红外分析原因主要是由于阻燃剂分解吸热，催化木材热解，促进纤维素等脱水成炭，使得难燃木炭增多，阻止了燃烧的进行。78580

毕业论文关键字：木材阻燃剂 物理性能 热解特性 活化能

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title  Study on preparation and application of composite inorganic flame retardant                                               

Abstract In this paper, two groups of flame retardant, urea / ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(A) and ammonium sulfate / ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(B), were taken into consideration。 Using single factor test to explore the best formula and processing technology。 Weight percentage gain and LOI was used to evaluate performance。 Studing the effect of flame retardant on thermal degradation of wood and the flame retardant mechanism by FTIR、TG and XRD。 The results showed that the best ration of urea to ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was 1:9,and the optimal conditions of A was 60℃ soaking temperature ,11h soking time。 As for B, the ration of ammonium sulfate to ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was 1:9,temperature was 60℃,time was 14h。 XRD showed that the flame retardant had no effect on cellulose crystalline regions, but degradated non-crystalline region。 TG showed that the temperature of pyrolysis for flame retardant wood was decreased, and the residual char was increased。 The reason,combining with FTIR,was that the decomposition of flame retardant was endothermic。 Decomposition products can catalyze pyrolysis of word, accelerating the dehydration process, whitch increased residual char and restrainted combustion。   

Keywords  flame retardant of wood; physical properties; pyrolysis; activation energy

目次

1 绪论 1

1。1 木材阻燃的必要性 1

1。2 木材阻燃剂研究进展 1

1。2。1 卤素阻燃剂 1

1。2。2 磷系阻燃剂 1

1。2。3 硼系阻燃剂 2

1。2。4 金属氢氧化物 2

1。2。5 其他无机阻燃剂 3

1。2。6 有机阻燃剂 3

1。3 木材阻燃剂阻燃机理 4

1。3。1 覆盖机理 4

1。3。2 难燃气体稀释机理 4

1。3。3 自由基捕获机理 4