摘    要现如今科学课程已然成为主流学科。如何让各个年龄阶段的学生有相应的科学素养和知识技能是我们值得重视的。初中科学是科学学习的中间阶段，是小学科学知识的提升以及高中科学学习的基础。在初中的科学教学中，各年级的学生表现出了对于不同的教学方法的适应差异。为了提高教学效率，为了学生今后的发展，选择针对性强、有效的教学方法是势在必行的。并且针对不同年级学生的心理特点，教师需要对相应教学方法进行改进，以完成最高效的教学目标。而随着社会的发展，常规的教学方法也面临着被新型教学方法逐渐取代的危机；同时新型教学方法，如PBL教学法也因社会现状而难以在国内得到良好发展和实施。分析其中的原因，剖析实施困难之处对各类教学方法更好的帮助适用于学生及学情。89684

Abstract Science curriculum is now a mainstream discipline。 How to make students of all ages have the corresponding scientific literacy and knowledge skills is worthy of our attention。 Junior high school science is the intermediate stage of scientific learning, the promotion of primary school science knowledge and the foundation of high school science learning。 In the junior high school science teaching, the students of different grades showed different adaptation to different teaching methods。 In order to improve the teaching efficiency, in order to develop the students in the future, it is imperative to choose a strong and effective teaching method。 According to the psychological characteristics of students in different grades, teachers need to improve the corresponding teaching methods in order to achieve the most effective teaching objectives。 With the development of society, the traditional teaching method is faced with a new teaching method has gradually replaced the crisis; at the same time, the new teaching methods, such as PBL teaching method for social status is difficult to get good domestic development and implementation。 Analysis of the reasons for the difficulties in the implementation of various types of teaching methods to better help students and learning。

毕业论文关键词：初中科学； 常规教学； PBL教学方法； 实施困难

Keywords: Junior high school science; Conventional teaching; problem-based learning;  Implementation difficulties 

目   录

摘    要 2

目    录 4

1、引 言 5

2、初中开设科学课的必要性 6

3、 常规教学方法 7

3。1几种初中科学现有主流教学方法 7

3。1。1演示法 7

3。1。2实验法 8

3。1。3研究法 8

3。2初中各年级学生心理分析 8

3。2。1、起始萌芽阶段：初一学生的心理特点 9

3。2。2、发展旺盛阶段：初二学生的心理特点 9

3。2。3、成熟高压阶段：初三学生心理特点 9

3。3主流教学法对各年级学生的适用性探讨 10

3。3。1、演示法 10

3。3。2、实验法 10

3。3。3、研究法 11

4。 PBL教学法 12

    4。1 PBL教学法的发展