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摘要思维定势在小学数学课堂上屡见不鲜，带来正迁移的同时，负迁移也不可忽视。由于学生知识经验的差异以及自身发展的局限性，依靠自身力量消解思维定势的负迁移带来的束缚有很大困难，需要教师在教学活动中予以正确的引导。现阶段我国小学生思维定势的负迁移包括经验型、书本型和直线型思维定势三类。本文依托案例分析法、访谈法以及文献研究法，针对以上三种类型，将其成因归为学生的思维惰性与惯性、直观性误导以及周密性思维匮乏，并在此基础上进行解决策略的探讨。以变式教学为例，分析如何运用概念性变式、过程性变式、训练性变式针对性地突破思维定势的三大类型。51611
毕业论文关键词：思维定势；负迁移；变式教学
Using the Variable Teaching to Dispel the Mind-set in the Elementary School Mathematics
Abstract
Mindset in elementary school math class, bring positive transfer at the same time, negative transfer is also cannot be ignored.Because of the difference of students' knowledge and the limitations of their own development, rely on their own digestion mindset have difficulty brought about by the negative transfer of bondage, need teachers to guide it correctly in the teaching activities.Pupils mind-set of negative transfer in our country at present stage including experience type, books and linear mind-set.In this paper, based on case analysis method, interview method and literature research, in view of the above three types, the causes for students' thinking inertia and inertia, intuitive is misleading, and lack of careful thinking, on the basis of solving strategies discussed.To variant teaching as an example, analyses how to apply the conceptual variant , the procedural variant , the training variant targeted breakthrough mind-set three types.
Key Words: Mind-set; Negative transfer ; Variant
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 录 III
一 绪论 1
（一）选题原由及意义 1
（二）文献综述与评价 2
（三）研究思路和方法 4
（四）创新点 5
（五）核心概念界定 5
二 小学数学中思维定势负迁移的类型 5
（一）经验型思维定势：有一种感觉叫“似曾相识” 5
（二）书本型思维定势：有一种感觉叫“墨守成规” 7
（三）直线型思维定势：有一种感觉叫“视若无睹” 7
三 小学数学中思维定势负迁移的原因 9
（一）思维惰性与惯性 9
（二）直观性误导 10
（三）缜密性思维匮乏 10
四 运用变式教学消解小学数学中的思维定势的策略建构 11
（一）概念性变式消解书本型思维定势 11
（二）过程性变式消解直线型思维定势 13
（三）训练性变式消解经验型思维定势 14
五 结语 16