低保家庭的贫困挑战：生活经验、贫困认知和社会距离
关键词：隐蔽世界；贫困挑战；生活经验；贫困认知；社会距离
The Poor Families challenge - life experience, poor cognitive and social distance：50 cases interviews in Shanghai, for example
Abstract: As the challenges of poverty, low family, it first mapped directly in the material aspects of life. In the appearance of Poor Families in areas of life, every place has its difficulties. Such as basic necessities, medical insurance, the poor labels and so on. The increasing influence of poverty for them involves many factors. But the real reason for the return to their roots has not yet clearly. Poor Families explore poverty on external development impact is to improve the living environment of low household direct means, but the study of poverty on low impact of the world within the family, but it is outside to the inside depth guaranteeing people will demand microscopic by the way, is the pursuit of the social security system construction with improved social work theory and comprehensive human development point of integration path. From the poor people's life experiences into their self-perception, then the scope of social distance, is to explore the challenges of poverty as a hierarchical progressive thinking hidden world. The reverse over, is to seek the challenges of dynamic factors, is a combination of both macro and micro point to explore the combination of the pressure of poverty.
Key Words: Hidden world; Hidden world; Challenges of poverty; Life experiences; Poor cognition; Social distance.
目录
一、问题的缘起与作为挑战的贫困1
（一）研究背景 1
（二）问题起源 1
（三）逻辑起点：作为挑战的贫困 2
（四）分析视角：作为挑战投射的内心世界 2
（五）研究路径 3
二、已有的研究与隐蔽的世界 4
（一）研究回顾4
（二）已有研究的贡献 5
（三）未决难题6
三、研究方法与概念界定 8
（一）研究方法8
（二）概念界定：隐蔽的世界8
四、行为范式：隐蔽世界中的生活经验 10
（一）压迫性行动经验 10
（二）焦虑性行动经验11
（三）孤立性行动经验 12
（四）无奈性行动经验 13
五、贫困认知：贫困作为挑战的态度选择 15
（一）悲观态度与感性支配15
（二）乐观态度与理性支配 16
（三）消极选择与剥夺情绪17
（四）积极选择与掌控情绪18
优尔、社会距离：社会排斥的镜像与反射 20
（一）自主性社会距离：20
（二）被动性社会距离：21
（三）结构性社会距离22
（二）冲突性社会距离22
七、社会危机：低保家庭的隔离化、持续化、依赖化趋势 24
（一）隔离化与夹心化危机24
（二）持续化与同心化危机25
（三）依赖化与空心化危机25
八、小结与讨论：社会意义与制度设计 28
感谢31