FOB术语下我国出口合同的风险与防范
FOB、CIF、CFR等贸易术语是重要的国际贸易术语。随着改革开放的深入和国际贸易的快速发展，出口采用FOB贸易术语越来越多，据国际商会最新调查统计，其使用频繁程度已达75%以上。近年来，我国出口合同中以FOB贸易术语成交的数量不断攀升，目前在经济发达地区FOB出口货量比重甚至达到80％。然而，出口以FOB成交可以使出口商在租船订舱、投保等环节上节省精力和费用。但是，国外的进口商使用FOB条款，常常会指定境外的船公司、货运代理或者无船承运人来安排货物运输，这就会使我国出口企业面临着很大的潜在贸易风险。所以我国出口企业应该加强对出口货物风险的认识，提高对于风险的防范意识，采取各种措施来规避风险。8734
本论文将通过探讨我国出口业务中FOB术语运用、FOB方式下出口合同的增加的原因以及可能引发的风险问题，积极寻求有效的防范措施，防患于未然，以期待能给我国中、小型外贸企业提供可行的建议和意见，使我国对外贸易持续、健康和快速发展。
关键词：FOB 贸易术语 出口商 风险 措施
Risk & Prevention of China’s Export Contract under FOB Trade Term
ABSTRACT
With the fast development of national economy and national support on foreign trade in recent years, foreign trade volume has taken a leap on growth. Referring to the latest data released by General Administration of Customs, national import and export value registered at 3866.76 billion UDS, 6.2% up on yearly base. Among them, export value grew by 7.9%, worthy of 2049.83 billion USD while import value increased by 4.3% at 1817.83 billion USD. International trade terms are thus in widely use.
FOB, CIF and CFR are among the important international trade terms. With further reforming and opening up as well as the fast growth of international trade, FOB term is in a frequent use as high as 75% for export according to the statistic by
International Chamber of Commerce. And we have seen an increasing quote of FOB term in export and import contracts in these years. Goods exported via FOB accounts for 80% of total in some economic developed areas. Export via FOB saves a lot of efforts and expense in chartering, cargo space booking and insurance. However, overseas importers tends to designate their local shipping company, shipping agent or non-vessel operation carrier for the transportation, which poses great risk on our export and import companies. So national export and import companies shall be aware of the risk and make preventative measures to avoid it.
This essay tends to discuss the application of FOB terms, the reason behind increasing number of export contracts via FOB and its potential risks, so as to seek effective preventive measures, and meanwhile providing suggestions and comments for middle and small-sized foreign trade companies for the sustainable, sound and rapid development our national foreign trade.
Key words: FOB trade terms import merchant risk measures
目 录
绪论.....1
一、FOB术语在我国出口贸易中的运用概述2
（一）FOB贸易术语本质..2
（二）FOB贸易术语特点....2
（三）使用FOB术语出口增多的原因..3
（四）我国出口贸易中FOB贸易术语的运用情况...4
二、FOB贸易术语下出口商面临的主要风险5
（一）履行合同带来的风险...5
（二）保险带来的风险...5