摘要随着世界经济的繁荣，海上运输业的不断发展，海上安全愈加的受到各国政府的关注。国际海事组织（IMO）海安会（MSC）第63届大会通过的MSC35（63）决议案《关于油船应急拖带装置的指南》，要求载重量为2万吨及以上新建造的和现有油船应配备有应急拖带装置以便在突发紧急情况下船舶能够顺利被拖离危险区域，减少海上污染。应急拖带装置已成为船舶必不可缺的一部分。49025

本文依托大学机械工程学院多功能拉力试验机项目。首先在现有多功能拉力试验机结构、功能的基础上，查阅搜集有关应急拖缆的相关资料及国家标准，设计测试应急拖缆的方法步骤。由于应急拖缆不同于普通钢丝绳，不能对其进行取样测试，要进行整段无损伤测试，参考缠绕法，并结合应急托缆的实际工况，决定在测试平台移动梁上安装拉力卷扬机，以模拟船舶应急拖缆索实际工况。同时进行无损伤测试。

其次对在测试过程中需要的拉力卷扬机进行结构设计，由于拉力卷扬机主要用来缠绕拖缆索，并承担最高达400t拉力，并不提供拉力测试中所需的主动力，所以设计重点在于中心轴，卷筒，支撑架等零件的设计。

经计算确定主要参数后，结合经典卷扬机范例设计出拉力卷扬机初步方案，并通过Pro E对夹具进行三维模型的建立、装配、仿真。随后将建立好的模型导入ABAQUS中进行有限元校核分析，并根据分析结果对实验方案进行优化改进。最后，绘制拉力卷筒的工程图，并编制相关技术文档。

毕业论文关键词：应急拖缆；测试方法；夹具；优化

Abstract With the world's economic prosperity and the continuous development of the maritime transport. Maritime security has been the concern of Governments. Under regulation of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, as amended by resolution MSC.31, new and existing tankers of 20,000 tones deadweight and above shall be fitted with an emergency towing arrangement, in order to be towed out of danger successfully in Emergency situations and reduce the marine pollution. Emergency towing produce has become the essential part of the ships.

   This paper was based on the Multifunctional tensile testing machine project of the Mechanical Engineering in  First off all ,to design the method to the emergency towline which based on the existing testing machine’s structure and function, and access to the relevant information and national standards for emergency towline. As the emergency towline is different from the ordinary rope , We can not make the conventional breaking tensile test on it. Meanwhile, in order to ensure their safeties, we should test the whole towline, so combined the actual working conditions of the emergency towline with related standards, we designed a piecewise continuous test methods. Secondly to design the structure of the fixture in testing process and build the 3D model, assembling and simulation with PRO/E, then import the model into ansys to make the Finite element checking analysis. Next Optimize the design plan and select the relevant components. Finally, draw the fixture drawings, and prepare the relevant technical documentation.

Keywords: Emergency towline; test methods; fixture; optimization

目录

第1章 绪论1

1.1多功能拉力试验机简介1

1.1.1项目开发的背景意义1

1.1.2多功能拉力试验机基本结构2

1.1.3多功能拉力试验机基本功能2

1.2应急拖缆概述3

1.2.1应急拖缆的基本组成3

1.2.2拖缆索3

1.2.3导缆孔4

1.2.4摩擦链5

1.2.5拖带装置的迅速有效性5

1.3论文研究的内容5

第2章多功能试验机对应急拖缆测试方法的设计7

2.1应急拖缆钢丝绳测试方法7