摘要由于早期进行试验的汽车碰撞牵引方式有重锤式或橡皮绳弹射式等，虽然其结构简单但是速度不易控制。因此随着试验技术的不断发展与进步，便出现了电机牵引方式，结构可靠、且速度易于控制。而此方式用钢丝绳对小车进行牵引，进而需用张紧装置对钢丝绳进行张紧，以减少钢丝绳由于松动引起的振动，达到对碰撞小车的有效牵引，提高试验精度及试验结果的可靠性。目前出现的张紧装置有机械张紧和液压张紧等，也有单端张紧和两端张紧之分，现在是工业飞速发展时代，自动化控制已是大势所趋，也是时代变革的要求。82799

本文基于实现手动操作和自动控制操作两大功能要求，对汽车碰撞牵引钢丝绳张紧装置进行设计。既能在试验系统启用前对钢丝绳通过手动张紧进行调试，又能在试验时通过电机控制系统对电机的控制，进行自动张紧。这样，在试验时就无需再人工进行操作，既提高了试验效率又增加了试验安全性。本文通过对汽车碰撞牵引钢丝绳张紧装置功能的详细分析，采用机械张紧方式，用模块化方式进行了执行机构和支撑机构的具体设计。张紧原理为：手动或者电机牵引的力和运动通过蜗轮蜗杆传递给丝杠，丝杠与蜗轮为螺旋传动，然后丝杠带动张紧装置滑块运动，钢丝绳张紧轮安装在滑块上，这样就实现了对钢丝绳的张紧。对具体关键的零部件本文亦进行了强度校核，如对丝杠等首先进行公式验证，然后用Inventor软件等进行强度仿真分析校核，以达到设计的可靠要求。

毕业论文关键词：汽车碰撞， 牵引钢丝绳 ，张紧装置 ，结构设计，仿真分析。

Abstract Since the traction modes are easy hammer or rubber band catapult type, etc in the early test on the car crash, and its structure is simple。 However, its speed is not very easy to control。 Therefore, with the great development of test technology, there appears a motor traction with reliably structure and the speed easily controlled。 We make a traction for trolley with wire rope which requires tensioning device to make tensioning for the wire rope and reduce the vibration caused by the loosening of the steel wire rope to achieve effective traction and improve the accuracy and reliability of test。 Mechanical tensioning and hydraulic tensioning are currently tensioning device which also include single ended tension and two ends tension。 With rapidly development of industrial, automation control becomes a general trend and the requirement of times。

Based on the realization of the two functions of manual operation and automatic control, this paper designs the tension device of the traction wire rope for the car crash。 We can make debugging for wire rope by manual tensioning before the test systems opening, and we can also make automatic tensioning by the motor control of the motor control system in the test。 Thus,  the test will no longer need to manually operate, which not only improves the efficiency of the test but adds security the test。 Through the detailed analysis on the tension device of the traction wire rope for the car crash, in this paper, the mechanism and the supporting mechanism are designed by using the method of mechanical tension。 Tensioning principle are as: the traction force and motion with manual or electric Pass to the lead screw by the worm, where screw and worm gear are making screw drive。 Then the lead screw drives the tension device to move, and the wire rope tension wheel is installed on the slide block。 In this way, the tension of the wire rope is realized。 In this paper, the key parts of the strength check is also carried out, such as make verification first by the formula for screw, and then we make simulation to analysis and check the results with Inventor software to achieve the reliability requirement in the design。