摘要汽车的出现充满便利的同时，也带来了严重的汽车安全问题，在汽车的数量和速度增加的时候，汽车安全问题也变得越来越严重。汽车碰撞带来的安全问题在我们身边更加严重。改善汽车碰撞安全技术是我们提高汽车碰撞性能的一种可靠简便的方式。83010

汽车碰撞测试技术起源于道路上的交通事故，在实验室中模拟车辆在路面上的碰撞过程。在原始的汽车牵引模式中，考虑到测试的安全，在测试的过程中，一般使用外接的动力牵引车辆，达到一定速度时 ，使车辆与碰撞物进行测试。如今，随着牵引技术的不断提高，通过使用动力牵引系统便可以达到精确地控制碰撞试验的车速的目的。

在当代加工技术中，涉及到的自动化装置也越来越多。由于机构运行时，部件之间会相互冲击碰撞，由此导致机构稳定性下降，同时影响机器的使用寿命，为了改善这一现象，在机器运行过程中，使用缓冲器可以起到安全保护装置的目的，同时减少了不同构件之间的刚性碰撞。如今缓冲器在多个行业都被广泛应用，缓冲器的质量与性能对整个装置来说影响很大，对工作人员机器使用年限的影响也很重要，因而我们应当在缓冲器的研究改善中投入更多的精力。工业中使用的缓冲器的类型有很多，各有各的优势，本文中，研究的缓冲器类型为多孔式液压缓冲器，其工作特点是，在缸壁上设计出一系列缓冲小孔，称为节流口，通过这些小孔的阻尼作用来达到缓冲的目的。其特点是结构紧凑，吸能量大，减速平稳，缓冲效率高，使用寿命长等。

本文的主要内容有：

（1）总体方案的结构设计与建模

（2）螺杆活塞的碰撞仿真分析

（3）液压吸能的结构设计和相关理论计算

（4）Fluent流体分析

（5）全文工作总结

毕业论文关键词：碰撞；牵引车；液压缓冲；仿真分析

Abstract Automobile safety issue comes along with the conveniences brought to us by cars。 With increase of both the number and speed of automobiles，the safety issue has drawn more and more attention，especially in China，which is caused by the fact that the performance of car collision safety does not live up to standards 。The basic way to improve the performance of car collision is to develop the technology of safety of car collision。

    Vehicle collision experiment is a kind of crash in which accelerating the speed of the vehicle to a certain valve, then having a crash with different obstacles。 So, we can have a study on the damage degree of the crew and the security performance of the road infrastructure。 Vehicle collision test technology is the result of road accident, in which we can simulate the process of collision on road。 Originally under the situation that we can not make the simulating driving come true, for the reason of security of the test, the tester use the dynamic tractor motor to set the speed of collision, this is the traditional mode of tractor crash。 With the continuous improvement of traction technology ,now the traction power system can control the speed of the car collision experiments accurately( ±0。1km/h) 。 

In modern industry, the application of more and more automatic machines causes much impact between moving parts。 In order to ensure the smooth movement and extend the life of mechanism, shock absorbers have been widely used。 As safeguard for preventing rigid crash while moving, buffer is applied to a wide range of fields such as lifting equipment, metallurgy, port machinery, rail truck etc。 Since operator safety, maintenance and machine lifetime depend on its performance directly。 It is of great importance to study on the buffer。

The multi-pore hydraulic buffer which is one type of cushioning products is studied in this paper。 It takes effect by some pores on the wall of pressure chamber which arranged according to special rules。 Cramped structure, high power-absorbing ability，smooth deceleration, large buffer capacity。 High buffering efficiency, and long life are the main advantages。 This paper is mainly about the design of hydraulic buffer。