裸子植物云杉GDU蛋白异常扩增与进化分析
毕业论文关键词：裸子植物；云杉；GDU蛋白；异常扩增；适应性进化
Abnormal amplification and evolutionary analysis of the GDU proteins from gymnosperms spruce
Abstract: GDU protein is a glutamine transporter protein responsible for glutamine transport between the inside and outside of cells. GDU family genes appeared abnormal amplification relative to other species phenomenon in spruce. In response to this phenomenon, for spruce GDU family gene sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, and further genetic structure of spruce family genes, proteins conserved motifs and functional domains as well as gene expression levels in different parts of the plant were analyzed. Through the above bioinformatics tools to analyze the reasons spruce GDU abnormal gene amplification family and explore the phenomenon of adaptive evolution process. Found some ancient genes and gene amplification generated in GDU family gene and amplified to produce a way to provide a basis. Also we found several conserved motifs, as well as the relationship that may exist between this conserved motifs and expansion membrane domains of these conserved base. GDU family genes expression differences were also found in different tissues and organs in the spruce.
Keywords: Gymnosperms, Spruce, Abnormal amplification, Adaptive evolution
目 录
摘要 1
引言 2
1.数据与方法 3
1.1 云杉GDU基因的检索与下载 3
1.2 序列比对与系统进化分析 4
1.3 云杉GDU基因的结构分析 4
1.4 云杉GDU蛋白保守基序与结构域分析 4
1.5 云杉GDU家族基因的表达分析 4
2.结果与分析 4
2.1 云杉GDU家族基因的鉴定 4
2.2 云杉及模式植物GDU家族基因的系统进化关系 6
2.3 云杉GDU家族基因的结构特征 8
2.4 云杉GDU蛋白的保守基序与结构域特征 9
2.5 云杉GDU家族基因的表达特性 11
3.讨论与结论 12
参考文献 15
致谢 18
裸子植物云杉GDU蛋白的异常扩增与进化分析引言
氨基酸是体内重要的小分子极性物质，但是其不能自由通过细胞膜。因此需要氨基酸转运载体这种膜蛋白介导氨基酸跨膜转运[1]。氨基酸转运载体不仅是细胞吸收营养物质的通道，也是细胞通过氨基酸的进出行使神经细胞兴奋、抑制[2]等细胞功能的通道。韧皮部和木质部运输氨基酸包括两个步骤：从一个细胞类型出口至apoplasm(贮存)，并随后导入到相邻的单元格。高亲和性输入是由质子/氨基酸协同转运,而输出的机制仍不清楚。增强植物的I型膜蛋白的表达谷氨酰胺Dumper1(GDU1)曾被证明能够诱导谷氨酰胺排水器的分泌[3],增加氨基酸叶含量apoplasm(贮存)和木质部汁液。GDUs似乎通过激活非选择性氨基酸协助刺激氨基酸输出。