摘要对二甲苯（PX）是重要的工业原材料，在石油化工、纤维合成和塑料等行业应用广泛。虽然对二甲苯被公认为有毒化合物，但对脊椎动物的作用并不十分清楚。本研究主要检测对二甲苯对非洲爪蟾蝌蚪生长发育的影响，测试不同对二甲苯浓度对蝌蚪长度、眼间距、存活率和畸变率的影响。将47期的蝌蚪暴露在PX浓度为0、1、2、2.5、3和4 M的培养液中。结果显示，蝌蚪的最低致死浓度在4 M，蝌蚪的存活率则随着PX浓度的升高一直在显著性下降，而畸变率显著上升，然而蝌蚪的长度和眼间距并没有发生显著性变化。通过分析，我们还得出了蝌蚪的TC50为2.1 M。最后我们通过观察蝌蚪的行为学发现，PX处理的蝌蚪随着时间的推移，视觉回避行为能力和对照组相比明显下降。以上数据表明，PX是蝌蚪的致畸物质，并对蝌蚪的正常行为产生了抑制作用。44122

Abstract    Para-xylene (PX) is an important industrial raw material, which is widely used in petrochemistry，synthetic fibers and plastics industries. At present, PX has been recognized as a toxic compound. However, it is less clear that whether PX is toxic to the animals. We propose to study the effect of PX on the development of Xenopus tadpoles. We used different concentrations of PX to test the changes of tadpole length, the distance between the eyes, the survival rate and the distortion rate. The tadpoles was exposed to PX at 0, 1, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 M respectively at stage 47 Xenopus Laevis. The results show that the minimum lethal concentration was at 4 M. The survival rate  was significantly decreased and the distortion rate was significantly increased with the increase of PX concentration. However, the distance between the eye and the length of tadpoles are not significantly different when compared to control tadpoles. We also obtained the TC50 is 2.1 M.  Finally, we found that the visual avoidance behavior in PX-treated tadpoles were dramatically decreased when compared to the control tadpoles. Above all, the results demonstrated that PX is a teratogenic substance that affects the development and visual behavior of tadpoles.

毕业论文 关键词：对二甲苯； 蝌蚪； 视觉行为学

Keyword: para-xylene； tadpole； visual avoidance

1. 引言 4

1.1研究目的与意义 4

1.2研究主要内容 4

2.对二甲苯对蝌蚪生长发育研究方法的建立 4

2.1主要材料 5

2.1.1主要试剂 5

2.1.2主要仪器 5

2.1.3试剂的准备 5

2.2方法 5

2.2.1对二甲苯的制备 5

2.2.2FETAX测试 5

2.2.3统计学分析 6

2.2.4行为学 7

3.结果与分析 8

3.1 FETAX测试 8

3.2行为学检验 9

4.讨论 11

4.1最低致死剂量和半数致死剂量的确定 11

4.2蝌蚪长度的测量 11

4.3 FETAX测试 11

4.4行为学 12

5.结论 12

参考文献 14

致谢