餐厨废弃物高温分解菌的分离与初步鉴定
摘要：目前，餐厨废弃物是城市生活垃圾的主要来源之一，最常见的处理方法是用作饲 料，但存在传播致病菌的巨大安全隐患。在其中添加微生物菌种，使其高温下快速分解， 实现餐厨垃圾的减量化和无害化处理，是当今的研究热点。67333
本文针对国内餐厨废弃物高纤维、高蛋白、高脂肪、高淀粉含量的特点，在对收集到 的餐厨废弃物进行高温堆肥后，利用多种培养基，对其中所含的微生物进行富集培养以及 分离纯化，并通过对其进行菌体形态观察和生理生化特性分析，确定其菌种类型，共得到 16种高温菌株。然后通过特定培养基初步筛选出具有纤维素分解能力的4种菌株，脂肪分 解能力的11种菌株，淀粉分解能力的12种菌株以及蛋白质分解能力的4种菌株，再对专一 降解菌降解效率进行试验研究，获得高效降解菌株，最后进行交叉组合、混合培养和拮抗 性实验，得到五组优势复合菌株。
毕业论文关键词： 餐厨废弃物；微生物降解；复合菌剂
Isolation and Identification of High Temperature Decomposition Bacteria for Kitchen Waste
Abstract:At present, the kitchen waste is one of the main sources of municipal solid waste, the most common treatment is used as feed, but there is a huge risk of transmission of pathogens. In which the addition of microbial strains, so that the rapid decomposition of high temperature, to achieve the reduction of food waste and harmless treatment, is today's research focus.
In this paper, according to the characteristics of high fiber, high protein, high fat and high starch content in domestic kitchen utensils, after the high temperature composting of the collected kitchen waste, the microorganisms contained in the food The results showed that 16 kinds of high temperature strains were obtained by the method of cell culture and physiological and biochemical characteristics. Then, four strains with cellulolytic ability, 11 strains of lipolytic ability, 12 strains of starch decomposition ability and four kinds of strains with protein decomposition ability were screened out by specific culture medium, and then the degradation efficiency of specific bacteria was The recombinant strains were obtained by the following methods: cross-combination, mixed culture and antagonistic experiments were carried out.
Key words： kitchen rubbish; microbial degradation; compound bacteria
目录
1 引言 1
1.1 餐厨废弃物对环境的危害 1
1.2 餐厨废弃物的处理方法 1
1.2.1 卫生填埋处理 2
1.2.2 焚烧处理 2
1.2.3 堆肥化处理 2
1.2.4 热解法 3
1.2.5 蚯蚓床法 3
1.3.1 国外研究现状 3
1.3.2 国内研究现状 4
1.4 课题研究目的和意义 5
1.5 研究内容 5
2 实验材料和方法 6
2.1 实验材料 6
2.1.1 实验试剂 6
2.1.2 实验仪器 6
2.1.3 实验样品 6
2.1.4 用于分离与筛选一般微生物菌群的培养基