摘要传统的燃料能源在一天天的减少，对环境造成的危害日益突出。人类在寻找可再生能源时逐渐认识到了太阳能其独有的优势：取之不尽、用之不竭、无污染、廉价、人类能够自由利用等。到目前为止，丰富的太阳辐射能在人类的生产生活所需能源中占据越来越重要的地位。61623

    本文以AT89C52单片机为核心，拟设计一个太阳能电池板自动定位装置。本文首先对系统硬件部分中的光敏传感器的选择、光电转换电路的设计以及步进电机驱动电路设计进行了详细阐述；其次在软件部分从系统流程图出发介绍了定位系统的模数转换程序。

    在完成方案设计以及电路搭建工作后，经测试，当光源偏向感光板一侧时，感光板能在步进电机的驱动下逐渐向光源方向旋转，系统设计比较成功。

毕业论文关键词  自动定位；光敏传感器；单片机；步进电机

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title  The research about solar panel automatically positioning

Abstract The storage of traditional fuel is ruducing,and the environmental pollution caused by it is increasing. when Human is looking at renewable energy they gradually realize its unique advantages of solar energy: inexhaustible, non-polluting, cheap, free use of human and other. So far, the abundant solar radiation in the energy required for the production of human life to occupy an increasingly important position.

Solar Panel Automatically Positioning System is designed based on AT89C52 microcontroller in this paper. Firstly, in the hardware part of the system, photosensitive sensor selection, the design of photoelectric conversion circuit and the design of a stepping motor driving circuit are illustrated in detail . Secondly, in the software part, based on system flow, analog-digital conversion process of positioning system is introduced in this essay.

When I finished circuit design and construction work, tests show that when the light deflection-plate side, the photographic plate can be driven by the stepping motor rotates gradually to the light source, system design successful.

Keywords  Automatically positioning; Photosensitive sensor;MCU; Stepping motor

目   次

1  绪论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.1.1国外研究背景 1

1.1.2中国的能源结构 1

1.1.3国内太阳能资源市场前景 2

1.1.4 太阳能的特点 3

1.2 本文主要工作 3

2  系统硬件设计 4

2.1常用太阳能跟踪方式 4

2.2系统总体硬件电路框图 5

2.3 光源跟踪传感器 5

2.3.1光线和影子的关系 5

2.3.2跟踪传感器的设计 8

2.3.3光电转换电路 9

2.4 控制器 10

2.4.1单片机简介 10

2.4.2单片机外围电路 10

2.4.3 I²C总线 11

2.4.4 A/D转换 13

2.5 步进电机及其驱动器 16

2.5.1驱动器简介 16

2.5.2步进电机 18