三 英汉指示代词互译时不对等

    英汉指示代词互译时存在着不对等现象，孙述宇和金圣华两位先生用一张图来表明英汉指示代词翻译的对应情况。见表3-1.

This That

这 那

如上图所示，汉语中的“这”要比英语中的“this”使用的更广，而英语中的“that”要比汉语中的“那”使用的更加广泛。这就表明，“这”不仅仅可以翻译this，有时也可以翻译成“that”。

（一） 汉语指示代词“这/那”的英译

1 “这”译作“this”

   （1）既然正逢一个欢乐的日子，理应好戏连台，礼赞王家婚庆，所以这种戏剧形式的记载，就丝毫不会对狮子生个海豚儿子而感到奇怪了。（雨果《巴黎圣母院》）

  since it was a happy day, is supposed to play even, eulogizing the royal wedding, so this kind of drama in the form of a record, just a bit will not feel strange to the lion dolphins gave birth to a son.

   （2）科珀诺尔仍然握着克洛潘的手，说道：“这是我的一位朋友。”（雨果《巴黎圣母院》）

  Copper Noel still hold the hand clow pan, said: "this is one of my friend."

   （3）这句话让小饭店老板一下恢复了常态，他立刻百般告饶，连说自己根本无法换开这张大钞。（马克·吐温《百万英镑》）

  This sentence let small restaurant owners returned to normal, he immediately repeat beg for mercy, even say they can't change this Zhang Dachao.

   （2）劳埃德，“我自己也是个穷光蛋呀，连一个小钱都没有，还负着债”这句话几乎要脱口而出，可就在这当口，脑中突然灵光一闪（马克·吐温《百万英镑》）

  Lloyd, I myself also is a poor man, even a penny all have no, still negative debt "almost will blurt out this sentence, but at this time, the brain flashes suddenly.

2 “这”译作“that(those)”文献综述

   （1）据说她那只常为同学们羡慕的化妆皮夹一级自动铅笔之类，也都是东洋货，而她却又爱这些小玩意儿的！（鲁迅《林家铺子》）

  Even the powder compact which her fellow students so admired and her automatic pencil were probably made in Japan. And she was crazy about those little gadgets!

    (2)这个完全浑如丑八怪一样的人，简直就是打碎后又胡乱拼凑起来的一个巨人。（雨果《巴黎圣母院》）

  That completely ugly people, it is broken to cobble together again after a giant.

   （3）可这东西自从面世以来只用过一次。后来，我出了大约1/10的价钱就把它弄到手了。（马克•吐温《百万英镑》）

  Can that thing since its only once. Later, I've paid about 1/10 of the price to get it.

3“那”译作“this”

   （1）双喜说，那就是有名的铁头老王，能连翻八十四个筋斗，他日里亲自数过的。（鲁迅《社戏》）

  Shuangxi told us this was a famous acrobat who could turn eight-four somersaults one after the other. He had counted for himself earlier in the day.

这种案例比较罕见。

4“那”译作“that”

   （1）诗人接着说。“是那嘈杂的吵闹声使您无法专注地听戏。”（雨果《巴黎圣母院》）

  The poet went on to say that. "Is that a noisy noise makes you unable to concentrate on the opera.

   （2）她指着前面的沙发对他说，然后她自己悄悄地向大家盯着的那扇门走去，开门的声音很轻，随后又小声地关上。(列夫托尔斯泰《战争与和平》)