摘要:生物质热解过程属于生物质热化学转化过程中的基本过程，但生物质热解的过程却极其复杂，它主要包括三个环节，分别是脱水环节、热裂解环节和炭化环节。最近的几年里，各个国家各个领域的研究者们就生物质热解这一问题开展了较多的相关研究，但到现在为止仍然没有较为确切的反应机制。本文将采用热重法（TG）和微商热重法 （DTG）并用的试验方式来对生物质热解原理和动力学参数进行研究的主要方法，以大豆秸秆和玉米秸秆为原料进行试验研究，采用非等温热重-差热分析法，在HCT-1/2型热重-差热分析仪上进行试验。使用热重（TG）方法将获得的试验数据做进一步的剖析，从而了解生物质处于受热时所发生的变化规律及其对热解会产生的影响因素。结果表明，将温度升高的速率不断增大的情况下，在到达最高热解速率的时候，与其对应的温度将会向较高侧发生偏移，并且随着升温速率的提高，热解的速率随之加快，在到达相同程度的热解情况，消耗的时间随之减少，两种生物质（大豆秸秆和玉米秸秆）处于第二阶段时的最大失重速率会降低，热流速率会增大；碱性的催化剂对秸秆类生物质的热解过程具有催化作用。62153

毕业论文关键词：生物质;热解机理;热重分析

Pyrolysis and Kinetic Parameters Study on Crop Straw

Abstract: Biomass pyrolysis is the basic process of biomass thermo-chemical conversion. The process is very complicated, mainly including dehydration, thermal cracking, and coking three stages. In recent years, researchers at home and abroad for biomass pyrolysis was carried out more research, but the exact reaction mechanism is still not clear at present. Thermal Gravity Analysis（TG） and Derivative Thermal Gravity Analysis（DTG）are the material one of the main methods of  researching pyrolysis mechanism and reaction kinetics. Taking soybean straw and corn straw as raw materials for experiment, the non isothermal weight - differential thermal analysis, by using thermogravimetric test - differential thermal analyzer. By thermogravimetric analysis experiments to understand basic change rule and influence factors in the process of biomass is heated, the results show that with the increasing of heating rate, reaches the high pyrolysis rate of high temperature to the lateral offset, the faster and the higher heating rate of the pyrolysis, shorter the time required to achieve the same pyrolysis degree, two kinds of biomass in the second phase of the maximum weight loss rate is reduced, heat flow rate increases; Alkaline catalyst has a catalytic effect of biomass pyrolysis process.

Keywords: Biomass; Pyrolysis mechanism; Thermogravimetric analysis

摘要 4

Abstract ii

1 绪论 1

  1.1课题研究背景及意义 1

  1.2秸秆类生物质概念及特点 2

  1.3秸秆类生物质热化学应用技术 2

  1.4秸秆类生物质国内外利用现状 5

    1.4.1秸秆类生物质国内利用现状 5

    1.4.2秸秆类生物质国外利用现状 5

2 试验准备 6

  2.1试验原料 6

  2.2设备介绍 7

  2.2.1高精度天平 7

  2.2.2热重-差热分析仪 7

  2.2.2干燥器