摘要：目前，光电探测器已经广泛用于各大领域，作为光电子技术的核心，如何建立光信号 与电信号之间的内在联系，是能够制作出新的性能更好的光电探测器的关键所在。因此，如 何展开对光电探测器的深入研究引起了越来越多的人的关注。72656

光电探测器的性能参数主要有量子效率、响应度及探测度等。本文首先对光电探测器的 工作原理进行分析，剖析了三种常见的光电二极管，探讨每一个光电探测器的性能参数的计 算方法。

在了解完光电二极管的原理上，针对光电二极管的结构特点，对光电二极管内部载流子 进行方程建立，最终确立相应的等效电路，实现对光电探测器结构的简化，为光电二极管的 性能分析提供方便。同时，本文对光电探测器的实际应用进行分析，并针对光电探测器在制 导中的应用和光电探测器在火灾探测中的应用进行较为详细的分析。

毕业论文关键词：光电探测器  等效电路   量子效率

Abstract：At present, photoelectric detector has been used widely in the field, which is the core of the photoelectron technology, how to establish the intrinsic relationship between optical signals and electrical signals, in every great applications in the field of play a crucial role。 Therefore, how to expand the in-depth study of the photoelectric detector has caused more and more people's attention。

The main performance parameters of the photoelectric detector are quantum efficiency, response, and the detection of degrees, etc。 This article start from the basic theory of the photoelectric detector, the working principle of three common photoelectric diode, and master the performance parameters of photoelectric detector and the relationship between the photoelectric detector。

Based on the working principle and structure characteristics of photoelectric diode, the photodiode internal carrier equation was established, finally established  the corresponding equivalent circuit, thus simplified the working principle of the photoelectric detector is intuitively performance analysis was carried out on the photodiode。At the same time, this article analyzes the practical application of the photoelectric detector, and the photodetector application in the guidance and the application of the photoelectric detector in fire detection for detailed analysis。

Key words：photodetector，Equivalent circuit， Quantum Efficiency

目 录

1 绪论 3

1。1 研究背景及意义 3

1。2 国内外研究现状 3

1。3 本文结构安排 4

2 光电探测器基本理论 5

2。1 光电探测器的物理基础 5

2。2 光电二极管的工作原理 6

2。3 光电探测器的性能参数 8

3 光电探测器等效电路 9

3。1 PN 光电二极管等效电路 9

3。2 PIN 光电二极管等效电路 11

3。3 APD 光电二极管等效电路