3。1 Cooperative Principle 8

3。1。1 Cooperative Principle and Its Maxims 8

3。1。2 The Observance and Violation of Cooperative Principle 9

3。2 Politeness Principles 10

3。2。1 Politeness Principle and Its Maxims 10

3。2。2 The Application of the Maxims under Politeness Principle 12

IV。 Analysis of Fuzzy Language in Government Work Report 13

4。1 Violating the Cooperative Principle 13

4。1。1 Violation of the Quality Maxim 13

4。1。2 Violation of the Quantity Maxim 15

4。1。3 Violation of the Manner Maxim 16

4。2。 Observing the Politeness Principle 17

4。2。1 Observing the Tact Maxim 17

4。2。2 Observing the Approbation Maxim 18

4。2。3 Observing the Modesty Maxim 18

4。2。4 Observing the Agreement Maxim 19

V。 Conclusion 20

Bibliography 21

A Pragmatic Analysis of Fuzzy Language in Government Work Report from 2013 to 2015

I。 Introduction

Fuzziness is the basic feature of the nature world, and it is also the main characteristic of language。 Language expresses meanings and conveys information through symbols and characters, so language should be accurate when people are to express meanings to achieve effective communication。 However, it is obvious that fuzzy language is common existence in social life。 Linguists generally believe that fuzzy language refers to a specific language with clear connotation and fuzzy extension or that the semantic meaning of language is clear, but in the real language environment, this language shows the features of fuzziness。 All in all, fuzzy language manifests the communication skills and strategies in daily life。文献综述

Theory of fuzzy language can be traced back to 1923。 The famous British philosopher Bertrand Russell once said that “the whole language, more or less is fuzzy” in his paper On the Fuzziness。 Fuzzy theory was initially put forward by cybernetics expert L。 A。 Zadeh in his article Fuzzy Set, which was published in the journal Information and Control in 1965。 Then the fuzzy theory has been widely used in many fields and fuzzy language was one of the emerging disciplines。

Government work report is typical government document, and the language in the paper should be objective, refined, accurate and rigorous。 However, it is found that the frequency of fuzzy language is not low in government work report。 It is an interesting phenomenon that the two seemingly contradictory characteristics coexist in the government work report in harmony, which is worth noticing。 Because of this interesting phenomenon, this paper will study fuzzy language in government work report in recent three years to reveal the reasons and functions behind it under the theoretic framework of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle。 It is hoped that this research can deepen our understanding of this language phenomenon。

The subject of analysis fuzzy language in all kinds of styles from the perspective of Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle has attracted attention from domestic linguists in recent years。 But few people adopt Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle to analyze the fuzzy language in government work report。 This paper analyzes the fuzzy language in government work report in order to find out the pragmatic rules and reasons of it。 Meanwhile, this study also enables readers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of political affairs。