-
摘要无论在古代还是现代，“有”都是一个使用频率极高的字。在古汉语中，它被广泛的运用于各类典籍之中，而在现代汉语中，它的使用频率也仅次于“是”。由于“有”字使用的广泛性和其丰富的语义，历史上有许多学者都对它进行了研究。本论文将首先在前人研究的基础上，归纳他人对“有字句”、“有”的词性以及“有”的用法的研究。然后运用原型理论，分析“有”在各类不同用法中的英译。
- 上一篇：英文自然拼读法实用性考证
- 下一篇：精神分析理论观照下的《道林•格雷的画像》
关键词 有字句 “有”的用法 “有”的英译 原型理论19588
毕业论文外文摘要
Title A Study of the Usages of yǒu and Its English Translation
Abstract
No matter it is in ancient times or modern times, yǒu is always a most frequently used word. In ancient Chinese, it was widely used in many books and records. In modern Chinese, the frequency of the use of yǒu ranks only second to that of shì. Due to its extensive application and rich implication, many scholars in history have made contributions to its research. This dissertation will first, on the basis of former studies, summarize others’ research about yǒu-sentence(有字句), the lexical category of yǒu and its usages in light of the Prototype Theory. Then its English translation in different conditions will be analyzed with the Prototype Theory.
Keywords yǒu-sentence the usages of yǒu the English translation of yǒu
Prototype Theory
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of Research 1
1.2 Aim and Methodology of Research 1
1.3 Layout of the Dissertation 2
2 Theoretical Framework of the Dissertation 3
3 Literature Review 5
3.1 The Definition of yǒu-Sentence 5
3.2 The Lexical Category of yǒu 6
4 The Usages of yǒu 7
4.1 yǒu Meaning Ownership 8
4.2 yǒu Meaning Existence 9
4.3 yǒu Meaning Quantity and Quality 10
4.4 yǒu Meaning Enumeration 10
4.5 yǒu as a Component of Polite Formula 10
4.6 yǒu as a Prefix before Dynasties 10
4.7 yǒu+VP 11
5 The English Translation of yǒu 12
5.1 yǒu Meaning Ownership 12
5.2 yǒu Meaning Existence 13
5.3 yǒu Meaning Quantity and Quality 15
5.4 yǒu Meaning Enumeration 15
5.5 yǒu as a Component of Polite Formula or a Prefix Before Dynasties 15
5.6 yǒu + VP 16
Conclusion 17
Acknowledgements 19
Bibliography 20
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of Research
From ancient to modern times, the word yǒu always belongs to the category of the often-used words. Its history could be dated back to the Shang Dynasty. Coming to the Qin Dynasty, it was even more frequently used in many kinds of ancient books and records. For instance, in The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, yǒu appeared 154 times and 444 times respectively. In ancient Chinese language, its lexical category was not fixed and it can function as a verb, a noun, an adjective, a conjunction or an auxiliary word according to different contexts. As the world is advancing, the role yǒu plays in syntax is gradually stabilized while its basic meaning of ownership is maintained.