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摘要牛仔是深受美国乃至全世界人都喜爱的最具美国西部英雄主义与浪漫主义色彩的人物。本文旨在研究西部牛仔的发展历程，包括牛仔的起因，形象，工作，地位及其消亡，也会深入探讨牛仔文化，精神及其给美国社会带来的影响。西部牛仔的发展有黄金时期，也有衰落期，其文化对美国历史及现代生活都有着重要作用。它是美国的精神标志，使美国文化形成独立的标志并在世界范围内影响深远。本文通过总结前人研究成果,提出自己的观点。本文第一章将着重介绍研究主题；第二章主要介绍牛仔的发展历程，包括起因，形象，工作，地位以及消亡；第三章主要讨论牛仔文化和精神实质；第四章重点探究牛仔文化和精神对美国一些方面带来的影响。第五章对本文进行总结，肯定牛仔在社会生活中的地位。21896
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毕业论文关键词：西部牛仔; 文化生活; 社会影响
Abstract
This paper aims to study the development history of west cowboys, including the cause, image, work, status and their disappearance. And also it will deeply discuss the cowboys’ culture, spirit and their influences on American society. The development of cowboys has the golden age, as well as has the twilight. Their culture plays an important role in American history and daily life. Based on others’ research production, this paper puts forward its own ideas. The first part mainly introduces the theme of the paper. The second part discusses cowboys’ daily life, culture and their position in American history. The third part talks about the actual spirit of cowboys. The fourth part emphasizes the influences which the cowboys’ culture and spirit caused in some aspects in America. And the last part is the conclusion and affirms the status of cowboys in social life.
Key words: cowboys; cultural life; social influence
The Development and Influences of the West Cowboys
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction 1
II. The Development of Cowboys 2
2.1 The Production of Cowboys 2
2.2 The Image and Work of Cowboys 3
2.3 The Status of Cowboys and Their Disappearance 4
III. The Culture and Essential Spirits of Cowboys 5
3.1 The Culture of Cowboys 5
3.2 The Spirits of Cowboys 6
IV. The Influences of Cowboys in America 7
4.1 The Influences on American Political Life 7
4.2 The Influences on American Economy 9
4.3 The Influences on American Social Life 10
4.3.1 Influence on Boot 10
4.3.2 Influence on Jeans 11
4.3.3 Influence on Hat 11
V. Conclusion 12
Bibliography 13
Acknowledgments 14
I. Introduction
West cowboys were referred to enthusiasm and bold pioneers at the vast land of the west during the eighteen to nineteen centuries in America. In American history, they were vanguards to explore the west, who owned adventurous and hard-working spirits. Therefore, they were called the heroes on the horseback. The cowboys have deep historic roots tracing back to Spain and the earliest settlers of the Americans. A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboys of the vaquero traditions of northern Mexico became a figure of special significance and legend.
Although the history of cowboys is only hundreds of years, it has a great impact not only on life of Americans but also on that of people all over the world. As a result, it is essential to study how the cowboys develop and their culture influence on American life which could help to make a better understanding of Americans. Cowboys have become property, no schooling, no social standing, no ambition for money, but boundless courage, competence, self-discipline, physical prowess and integrity. Cowboy was a figure of romance in one of the most romantic, beautiful and majestic natural settings on the planet. Cowboy was a figure of honor. Western cowboy culture continued to thrive for more than a half century, shaping their values, aspirations. However, there are some misunderstandings towards cowboys. People made cowboy into mystery. They put excessive imagination on cowboys due to media’s publicity and people’s stories told over and over again (Billington 592). Actually, what most work cowboys did was just as their name indicated to guard the cows in a paddock by riding a horse, and then addicted in an inn. Their life was all hardship but romance.