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本篇论文共分为优尔部分。第一部分是介绍。第二部分阐述了中西方面子观的不同特点。第三部分主要从面子观看跨文化交际中产生的不同行为。第四部分探究产生差异的原因。第五部分是结尾。
关键词：面子观，文化差异，文化交流
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements……...……i
Abstract.ii
摘要.....iii
1 Introduction 1
2 Face Values in China and Western Countries 3
2.1 Face Values in Western Countries 3
2.2 Face Values in China 5
3 Face in Cross-cultural Communication 7
3.1 Forms of Address 7
3.2 Compliments and Praise 8
3.3 Mistake Admittance 9
3.4 Negotiation Style 9
4 Causes of Different Face View 11
4.1 Different Context Culture 12
4.2 Value System 13
4.3 Thinking Mode 14
5 Conclusion 15
Bibliography…17
1 Introduction
With the development of globalization, the mutual influence of different cultures in the world is becoming increasingly outstanding. Therefore, it is such an important thing for us to learn more about the cultural differences between China and Western Countries in order to avoid cultural conflicts. Culture is the mixture of material wealth and spiritual values created by humans in the process of social history. The process that human created culture is the process of human’s living and development in reality. Due to the different conditions of human’s living and development, the culture, of every nation, of every race, is different.
There are many elements in culture. Politeness is a symbol of human civilization and the feature of all the civilized society. Face perception, as one of the basic factors of politeness, within the scope of globalization, it is an issue one can not avoid. Face view is an observable social phenomenon and also the culture-specific value reflected in reality.
People in different cultures shaped different face perceptions. Lin Yutang (1994), who is deeply influenced by Chinese culture claims face is a psychological, not physical issue, and it is abstract and intangible. However, it is the most subtle standard for Chinese people to adjust social intercourses; it touches every singular point of Chinese social mind. Instead westerners believe that face means a kind of value achieved when one’s got success or a positive social value which others do think one deserves in specific social activities. Face to Chinese is just like the self-esteem to westerners. From a sociological level defining the face, it would be seen as the pursuit of inpidual social recognition and respect. In addition, the face is of personal status and contributions due from others to get the respect and obedience (Ho, David Yau Fai, 1976).
Furthermore, in 1955, Erving Goffman, a Canadian sociologist, came up with the first definition of face from his famous work: On Face-work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction. In his article, Goffman came up with the theory of Face Work on the issue: “face is a sociological construct of interaction and once inpiduals give out a positive self image of themselves, they would have to keep that set image. When inpiduals can not keep the image they claim to be, they risk being embarrassed and also they will be considered to be odd and perverse (1955:301)”.
Although the face theory has been evolving in an endless stream, there does not appear to be much literature introducing the related policies, which has aroused my interest in this area. I hope I can do some contribution to fill the gap by illustrating the strategies to bridge the conflicts caused by the different face views in the daily cross-cultural communication through my exploration.