Abstract At present, endowing students with authority in class is strongly emphasized. In line with it, democratic classroom starts to draw national attention. In this thesis, three salient features of democratic classroom are identified – collaboration, free but orderly atmosphere and respect for personality, especially inpidual interest. The aim of the study is to figure out how to construct democratic classroom. Mainly focusing on teacher talk, the study analyzes and discusses the classroom discourse of an English demo class of junior middle school from four aspects, “Questions and Questioning”, “Feedback”, “Turn-taking” and “Mood”. Through ethnographic and conversation analysis and systematic observation, the study shows that the following features conduce to the construction of democratic classroom: (1) asking more referential questions instead of display questions and adopting volunteering in advance of nominating; (2) more appropriate discursive feedback and positive evaluable feedback; (3) sharing the right to initiate turns with students and waiting at least three seconds for students’ answers; (4) avoiding imperative sentences in compelling mood.61279

Keywords: democratic; classroom discourse analysis; middle school English classroom

中学英语民主课堂的话语建构

摘要近年来，随着学生的课堂权利问题得到高度重视，民主课堂这一概念开始吸引全国各界的关注。根据中外学者对民主课堂的探讨，本文将其最突出的三个特点归纳为：互动协作、自由而有组织的氛围、对个性的尊重尤其是个人兴趣。旨在发现如何构建民主课堂，本文主要针对教师话语，就“问题与提问”、“反馈”、“话轮转换”、“语气”四方面，对一堂初中英语的公开课进行了课堂话语分析和讨论。通过民族志与会话分析、系统观察法，发现以下四点对于民主课堂的建构具有一定的贡献：（1）采用相对更多的参考性问题而非展示性问题，而相对教师的点名，优先采取学生志愿回答；（2）更等地进行合适的话语性反馈以及积极的评价性反馈；（3）与学生共享开启话轮的权利，同时，为学生留出至少3秒的时间思考回答；（4）尽量避免使用具有强制、命令性语气的祈使句。

毕业论文关键词: 民主的; 课堂话语分析; 中学英语课堂

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Purpose and Significance 1

1.3 Framework 1

2. Literature Review 3

2.1 The Democratic Classroom 3

2.2 The Classroom Discourse 4

2.2.1 Research Abroad 5

2.2.2 Research at Home 6

3. Methodology 8

3.1 Research Questions 8

3.2 Research Methods 8

3.2.1 Data Collection 8

3.2.2 Data Analysis Methods 8

4. Analysis and Discussion 10

4.1 Questions and Questioning 10

4.1.1 Types of Questions 10

4.1.2 Modes of Questioning 11

4.1.3 Discussion 12

4.2 Feedback 12

4.2.1 Discursive Feedback