2。 Literature Review     

Hu Liying and Zhang Chuanbiao said in What Can the Bluest Eyes Bring To Black People—reread Tony Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, “ The Bluest Eye shows the miserable life of the black people in American。 As Marginalized groups, black people are excluded by the mainstream society。” (155) They have no right to speak for themselves。 Gradually, their national consciousness is weakened and faded。 Toni Morrison pointed out that beside having political rights and economic independence, the black people also have to keep their black culture if they want to survive。 Because once they lose their culture, they will lose everything。 

Luo Hong and Xu Hui’s Loss of Black Culture pointed out, “The loss of black culture is resulted from internal and external factors action。 But the internal factor is essential。 Within the black community, most people have a feeling of self-hate。 They think that they are born ugly。” (48)

In The Bluest Eye: Cubic Perspective of Black Women’s Tragedy, Zhang Xuexiang pointed out that, “Women are the chief culprit who keep God away from human。” (45) Women break the fantastic dream of human and make it a bubble that human can live with God, so African women are doomed to be evil and should be punished from generation to generation。 Women then become a scapegoat as a vulnerable group。 This tradition causes all kinds of tragedies of women。 

In Author Morrison Uses Fiction to Challenge Prevailing Images, Keith E。 Byerman talked that, “the society deprives Cholly of the correct means of expression which can be accepted by others。” (21) He thinks that “The depravity of Cholly, especially raping her daughter illustrates that a person growing up in toxic soil can only turns into toxicant。 Because all he absorbs is toxic。 From this perspective, Cholly’s tragedy is caused by social environment。” (Byerman, 21)

In Wang Xiaoyu’s The Third Group of People, Who Survived in A Gap—Analysis of Mrs。 Breedlove, he said that, “White people are not superior to black people。 But when two kinds of people with different identities appear in one society, there will be a strong one and a weak one because of different life backgrounds and experience。” （81） It is inevitable。 So black people are inferior compared to those white people and have no status。 In this kind of vicious cycle, black people have no chance to get rid of the shackles of racism。 In American, white culture is main ideology, and black people are clowns who foil whites。 The black people are infected by white culture and think that they are born ugly。 Black people’s perception of their own identity is consistent with whites。 They lost themselves and their own black culture。 They are also not accepted by white society, which black people try to blend in。 The sense of isolation causes the disorientation of value。 

The above are some related research and development situation of this thesis。 Most of the researches are aimed at one character or one kind of tragedy in this novel。 And this paper tends to analyze all the tragedies of the Breedloves from the perspective of three kind of discrimination and try to find the connection among them。 文献综述

3。 A Brief Introduction to Racial, Cultural and Gender Discrimination 

Racial discrimination means that people are pided into different social classes and treated differently because of different races。 Even after the abolishment of slavery, racial discrimination is still an extremely incisive social question。 It exists in terms of employment, education, housing and transportation。 Some of the cities are pided into several different areas, which named white area, black area and other ethnic area。 13 states have distinct rules in terms of transportation。 Black people cannot stay in the same carriage with white people, including in dining carriage, toilet and waiting room。 Even in many states, black people have no right to be educated together with white people。 On the political front, black people are not treated fairly。 They are deprived of the right to vote。