摘要船舶火灾作为主要船舶事故类型具有极大危害性，而轰燃是舱室火灾中特有的现象。轰燃产生的原因是由于火焰燃烧放出的热量不断累积造成的。当火灾发展到一定程度时，室内所有可燃物温度急剧升高，并随之燃烧，此时轰燃便出现了。目前，多数学者都是从室内温度，壁面热通量以及可燃物的燃烧速率这三方面对轰燃发生的临界条件进行论述。87041

本文主要针对某船舶舱室，基于FDS火灾动力学软件对其火灾发展过程中的轰燃现象进行了数值模拟研究。分析了火源处和通风口处的温度变化情况以及平均热释放率。模拟结果表明：

（1）在200s时，舱室内温度已达到人体无法忍受的极限值，200s至300s间，室内温度会快速攀升，并认为人员应在120s前撤离。

（2）在火灾发展至460s时，船舶舱室内温度升高到630℃，此时发生了轰燃现象，燃料的热释放率以及辐射热通量均在短时间内迅速增大，使得温度在20s内激增至900℃。

（3）在轰燃过后的130s内，舱室内火焰因缺氧而移至通风口处，致使舱室内部温度有所下降，但因火羽流卷入了一定量氧气，又使得火焰重新回到舱室内部，并逐渐稳定。

本文的研究结果对船舶防火设计、火灾评估以及救灾方案的制定有着重要意义，同时也为船舶防火规范的修订提供了参考。

毕业论文关键字：船舶舱室火灾；轰燃现象；数值模拟

Abstract Ship fire is a major type of ship accident, and flashover is a special phenomenon in the cabin fire。 The cause of flashover is due to the accumulation of heat released from the flame。 When the fire has developed to a certain degree, the heat flux of all the fuel in the room increased rapidly, and then the flashover occurred。 At present, most of the scholars are from the indoor temperature, wall heat flux and fuel burning rate of these three aspects of the critical conditions of flashover is discussed。

This paper mainly aimed at a ship cabin, based on the FDS fire dynamics software to the fire development of flashover phenomenon was studied by numerical simulation。 Simulation results show that:

(1) in the 200s, the cabin indoor temperature has reached the limit value of the human body can not stand, 200s to 300s, the indoor temperature will rise rapidly, and that the staff should be evacuated before 120s。

(2) in the development of fire to 460s, ship cabin temperature rises to 630 ℃ occurs at this time the flashover phenomenon, fuel heat release rate and radiation heat flux are in a short period of time increases rapidly, making the temperature in 20s surged to 900 ℃。

(3) in the 130s of flashover after, flame in the cabin due to hypoxia and transplantation of vent, resulting in the internal cabin temperature declined, but because the plume was involved in a certain amount of oxygen, but also makes the flame back inside the cabin, and gradually stabilized。

The research results of this paper are of great significance for the development of ship fire protection design, fire assessment and disaster relief program, and also provide a reference for the revision of the code for fire protection。

Keywords: cabin fire; flashover; numerical simulation

目录

第1章  绪论 1

1。1 研究目的及意义 1

1。2 研究现状与发展趋势 2

1。2。1 国外方面 2

1。2。2 国内方面 2

1。3 相关软件发展 3

1。4 研究内容与研究方法 5

第2章  数学模型