通过《海狼》和《马丁•伊登》解读杰克•伦敦的达尔文主义

摘要杰克•伦敦是一名社会主义作家。他的《海狼》是一部讨论社会达尔文主义理论的著作。社会达尔文主义又被看作是社会进化论理论。由于早期对尼采超人哲学的情有独钟，伦敦赞同斯宾塞所提出的超人型完美社会，既认为在一个完美的社会当中弱者首先被淘汰，而优秀的人生活在一起和睦相处。然而，受赫胥黎所提出的道德型社会的影响，伦敦的思想也发生了转变。结合赫胥黎的思想，伦敦得出了自己的达尔文主义理论观，既人们首先需要让自己体格强壮起来，随后培养自己的道德高尚，这样他们才能在一个社会当中和睦相处。   30087
关键词海狼超人哲学斯宾塞社会达尔文主义
毕业论文外文摘要
Title    Analyzing London’s Social Darwinism through The Sea-Wolf and Martin Eden
Abstract
Jack London is a socialist writer. His The Sea-Wolf is a work discussing social Darwinism, which could also be called social evolutionism. Admiring Nietzsche’s superman theory, London first agreed with Spencer, who was a social Darwinist believing that the perfect society should be a place where inferior races were weeded out and only supermen lived together. However, London later found out that the superman society was only an illusion. Affected by Huxley’s moral society, he formulated his own social Darwinism, which states that people should be physically strong as well as morally noble to survive and live in harmony with each other.
Keywords Superman Theory Spencer Social Darwinism
Table of Contents
1    Introduction    1
2    Evolution Process    4
3    London's Ambivalence on Spencer's Social Darwinism    4
3.1    Critique on Nietzsche's Superman Theory    5
3.1    The Disillusion of Spencer's Superman Society    6
4   London's Social Darwinism    7
Conclusion    10
Acknowledgement    11
Reference    12
1 Introduction
   Jack London (1871-1916) was a famous American author. He was born in a poor family. During his childhood, he experienced a very unstable life compared with the children of the same age level. That was to say, he did not know that her biological mother had a suicide attempt when gave birth to him. Only until 21 did he fully understood his complicated family background. Since London’s family was of working class, he did not have the financial support to go to school. So, he decided to educate himself. He spent a lot of time staying at the local library, the librarian of which encouraged him to read a lot. In 1899, he began his working life. Normally, he would work for 12 to 18 hours per day to make a living. Sometimes he worked in two or three places. The mass of work made him realized that workers were cracked under the industry system. However, the experiences during this period enriched his knowledge base and helped form his understanding of Darwin’s “Survival of the fittest.”
   Jack London had a romantic loving history. To his first wife Elizabeth, he made it clear to her that he did not love her. As Stasz says, “They were not marrying out of love, but from friendship and a belief that they would produce sturdy children.” The one London loved by heart was the woman called Anna Strunsky. They still maintained a good friendship after London married. As Strunsky was also an author, she often gave London some inspired ideas on literary works or writing. The intimate friendship with Strunsky definitely influenced London on his depiction of female characters in Sea-wolf and Martin Eden. Some critics even judged that Maud was the female protagonist that London created based on Strunsky. 通过《海狼》和《马丁•伊登》解读杰克•伦敦的达尔文主义:http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_25622.html