From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a period working in the town of Aston(now a district of Birmingham) and in Sheffield.

While studying, Conan Doyle also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chambers’s Edinburgh Joumal before he was 20. Following his term at university, he was employed as a ship’s surgeon on the SS Mayumba during a voyage to the West African coast. He completed his doctorate on the subject of tabes dorsalis in 1885.

In 1885 Doyle married Mary Louise Hawkins, the youngest daughter of J. Hawkins, of Minsterworth, Gloucestershire, and sister of one of Doyle's patients. She suffered from tuberculosis and died on 4 July 1906. The following year he married Jean Elizabeth Leckie, whom he had first met and fallen in love with in 1897. He had maintained a platonic relationship with Jean while his first wife was still alive, out of loyalty to her. Jean died in London on 27 June 1940.

In1882, he joined former classmate George Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth, but their relationship proved difficult, and Conan Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice. Arriving in Portsmouth in June of that year with less than £10(£700 today) to his name, he set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea. The practice was initially not very successful; while waiting for patient, Conan Doyle again began writing stories and composed his first novel---The Narrative of John Smith---which would go unpublished until 2011. His first significant work, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton’s Christmas Annual for 1887.

It featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes, who was partially modelled after his former university teacher Joseph Bell. Conan Doyle wrote to him, “It is most certainly to you that I owe Sherlock Holmes, ... Round the centre of deduction and inference and observation which I have heard you inculcate I have tried to build up a man.” Future short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the English Strand Magazine. Robert Louis Stevenson was able, even in faraway Samoa, to recognize the strong similarity between Joseph Bell and Sherlock Holmes: “My compliment on your very ingenious and very interesting adventures of Sherlock Holmes, ... Can this be my old friend Joe Bell?” Other authors sometimes suggest additional influences---for instance, the famous Edgar Allan Poe character C.Auguste Dupin.

Doyle was found clutching his chest in the hall of Windlesham Manor, his house in Crowborough, East Sussex, on 7 July 1930. He died of a heart attack at the age of 71. His last words were directed toward his wife: "You are wonderful." At the time of his death, there was some controversy concerning his burial place, as he was avowedly not a Christian, considering himself a Spiritualist. He was first buried on 11 July 1930 in Windlesham rose garden. He was later reinterred together with his wife in Minstead churchyard in the New Forest, Hampshire. Carved wooden tablets to his memory and to the memory of his wife, originally from the church at Minstead, are on display as part of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition at Portsmouth Museum. That inscription reads, "Blade straight/Steel true/Arthur Conan Doyle/Born May 22nd 1859/Passed on 7th July 1930."

1.2 The book and its characteristic

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes contains four full-length novels and fifty-six short stories in, including Adventure History series, New Holmes series, Memories series, Return series, A study in Scarlet, Uncanny Valley, The Hound Of The Baskervilles, The Sign of Four. The first two stories (short novels) appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887 and Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890, respectively. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the beginning of the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine in 1891; further series of short stories and two serialised novels appeared until 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1875 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914. All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson, two are narrated by Holmes himself and two others are written in the third person. In two stories (The Musgrave Ritual and The Adventure of the Gloria Scott), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, whereas Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story.源:自*优尔~·论,文'网·www.youerw.com/ 夏洛克·福尔摩斯探案集从法医学与犯罪心理学的角度(2):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_68195.html