At the same time, Chinese scholar Hu Gengshen has made remarkable contribution to the translation theories。 He comes up with eco-translatology, showing a totally new approach to Chinese, and informing us some new perspectives about translation studies, with a focus on ecological development。 He believes that some of the terms and concepts of Eco-translatology come from the understanding of the natural ecological system, and develop on the basis of Adaptation and Selection。 Eco-translatology transplants and imitates the basic principle of the survival of the fittest in the natural ecosystem, and would apply this principle to translation process, and make this principle associate with translation community。 In other words, it will apply the basic principle of the survival of the fittest to the practice of translation。 This is exactly the internal and external power of a successful translation。 Despite the various environments that different translators may face, they are able to apply the theory or principle freely because of its strong feasibility 。So it can provide solid theoretical foundations for the comparative analysis of Hardy’s two selected Chinese translation versions in this thesis。

     At the beginning of 20th century, great movements have broken out in succession。 Chinese people have already influenced by Western thoughts which turns out to be advanced ideas。 As a result, most Chinese intellects and writers determine to oppose imperialism and feudalism which have existed in China for nearly 2000 years。 During that period, a large number of foreign literary works have been translated at home。 Meanwhile, they launched significant activities like The May 4th Movement as well as New Culture Movement。 These movements have advocated the new morality, new literature。 In the process of the formation of the new literature and new thought, the translation of foreign literature has played an important role。 The translation and introduction of foreign literature have flourished in this a period。 Since China's reform and opening up, the types of the translation of foreign literature  as well as its printing times have greatly increased。 Meanwhile, the quality of translation have been improved significantly。 The fact indicates that the introduction of foreign literature have played an important role in enriching the cultural life, improving the level of aesthetic, promoting international understanding, widening one’s horizon, getting creative inspiration, etc。 Great movements not only spread the ideal of western enlightenment thoughts like democracy and republicanism to Chinese people, but also have altered or are changing the feudal thoughts。 One of the most crucial reasons for Zhang Guruo’s translation of Tess of the D'Urbervilles is that Mr。Zhang wants to enlighten Chinese women to learn from the courage and decisiveness of Tess and tries to persuade Chinese women to be economically independent。 Lots of strategies are used in Mr。 Zhang’s translation work。 For instance, in the end of a place name, he adds Chinese characters like “屯”so as to represent places, providing the readers with great impression that the place in England sounds like that in China。 This translation style is in accordance with the idea of Eco-translatology。 Besides, Zhang Guruo still apply Shandong dialect like “俺” and “叨登”etc for Wessex dialect。 Perhaps readers might have interest in wondering whether Western people speak Shandong dialect。

     When it comes to the 90s, the world we live in is becoming smaller and smaller because international communication has developed at a rapid pace, a variety of linguistic forms and sentence structures have been brought into China。 Sun Fali uses different skills and strategies, revealing the true state of the lives of the English people, letting readers know lots of aspects of the foreign culture and perse customs or traditions。 In Sun Fali’s version, we are able to easily get the main thoughts of the English sentences in light of its structure and linguistic features。 生态翻译视角下《德伯家的苔丝》的两个中译本的研究(2):http://www.youerw.com/yingyu/lunwen_83927.html